Major depression is a prevalent disorder that imposes significant burden on society, yet objective laboratory-style tests to assist in diagnosis are lacking. We employed network-based analyses of “resting state” functional neuroimaging data ascertain group differences the endogenous cortical activity between healthy and depressed subjects. additionally sought use machine learning techniques explore ability these measures resting state provide diagnostic information for depression. Resting...

Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the phenomenology of schizophrenia maps onto diffuse alterations in large-scale functional and structural brain networks. However, relationship between deficits remains unclear. To answer this question, patients with established matched healthy controls underwent resting-state diffusion weighted imaging. The network-based statistic was used to characterize between-group differences whole-brain connectivity. Indices white matter integrity were then...

Normal brain function depends on a dynamic balance between local specialization and large-scale integration. It remains unclear, however, how changes in functionally specialized areas can influence integrated activity across larger networks. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with resting-state functional resonance imaging, we tested for integration following the application of excitatory or inhibitory human motor cortex. After stimulation, regions encompassing sensorimotor...

Abstract The neural underpinnings of anorexia nervosa (AN) are poorly understood. Results from existing functional brain imaging studies using disorder‐relevant food‐ or body‐stimuli have been heterogeneous and may be biased due to varying compliance strategies the participants. In this study, resting state connectivity was used. To explore distributed nature complexity function we characterized network patterns in patients with acute AN. Thirty‐five unmedicated female AN 35 closely matched...

Emerging evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are associated with disturbances in structural brain networks. Little is known, however, about networks those at high risk (HR) of bipolar disorder (BD), such carrying substantial predictive and etiological value. Whole-brain tractography was performed on diffusion-weighted images acquired from 84 unaffected HR individuals least one first-degree relative BD, 38 young patients BD 96 matched controls (CNs) no family history mental illness....

Previous resting-state functional connectivity studies in patients with anorexia nervosa used independent component analysis or seed-based to probe specific brain networks. Instead, modelling the entire as a complex network allows determination of graph-theoretical metrics, which describe global and local properties how networks are organized they interact.To determine differences between female acute pairwise matched healthy controls, we fMRI computed well-established graph metrics across...

The increasing use of ketamine as a potential rapid-onset antidepressant necessitates better understanding its effects on blood pressure and heart rate, well-known side at higher doses. For the subanesthetic dose used for depression, predictors these cardiovascular are important factors influencing clinical decisions. Since influences sympathetic nervous system, we investigated impact autonomic system-related response: genetic polymorphism in norepinephrine transporter gender effects.Blood...

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] as a component of the Truelove and Witts Criteria [TWC] is traditional inflammatory marker used for assessment ulcerative colitis [UC] activity. However, C-reactive protein [CRP] preferentially in contemporary clinical practice. We aimed to determine equivalent CRP cut-off an ESR >30 mm/h patients presenting with acute severe UC.Clinical pathological data were prospectively collected from 163 presentations UC. A corresponding was determined using...

Background Novel and highly sensitive point-of-care malaria diagnostic surveillance tools that are rapid affordable urgently needed to support control elimination. Methods We demonstrated the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique detect parasites both, in vitro , using dilutions infected red blood cells obtained from Plasmodium falciparum cultures vivo mice with P . berghei spotted on slides non-invasively, by simply scanning various body areas (e.g., feet, groin ears)....

Exercise increases wellbeing and improves mood. It is however unclear how these mood changes relate to brain function. We conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating resting-state modifications in healthy adults after an extended period of aerobic physical exercise their relationship with improvements. aimed identify novel functional networks whose activity could provide physiological counterpart the mood-related benefits exercise. Thirty-eight sedentary volunteers were randomised...

Microbial organisms of the human gut microbiome do not exist in isolation but form complex and diverse interactions to maintain health reduce risk disease development. The organization is assumed be a singular assortative network, where between operational taxonomic units (OTUs) can readily clustered into segregated distinct communities. Here, we leverage recent methodological advances network modeling assess whether communities exhibit single structure or co-existing mesoscale architectures...

Abstract Background Perianal disease is an increasingly recognised complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) (1). Variant rs4151651 in complement factor B (CFB) associated with severe phenotype UC and, more recently, implicated the pathogenesis perianal Crohn’s (CD) (2, 3). In our previous work, we have shown minor allele frequency (MAF) for variant to be 0.03 non-IBD affected control patients, 0.05 patients mild UC, and 0.13 (3). Here, aim determine MAF disease. Methods Ulcerative were...

Abstract Resting‐state fMRI studies have gained widespread use in exploratory of neuropsychiatric disorders. Graph metrics derived from whole brain functional connectivity been used to reveal disease‐related variations many disorders including major depression (MDD). These techniques show promise developing diagnostics for these often difficult identify However, the analysis resting‐state datasets is increasingly beset by a myriad approaches and methods, each with underlying assumptions....

The brain continuously receives input from the internal and external environment. Using this information, exerts its influence on both itself body to facilitate an appropriate response. dynamic interplay between heart how conditions modulate relationship deserves attention. Presumably, in high-stress situations synchrony various regions such as prefrontal cortex may alter. This flexibility is believed transitions functional states related cognitive, emotional and, especially, autonomic...

Abstract Deployment of Wolbachia to mitigate dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) transmission is ongoing in 12 countries. One way assess the efficacy releases determine invasion rates within wild population Aedes aegypti following their release. Herein we evaluated accuracy, sensitivity specificity Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) estimating time post death, ZIKV-, CHIKV-, -infection trapped dead female Ae. mosquitoes over a period 7 days. Regardless infection type,...

Punishing norm violations is considered an important motive during rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG). The present study investigates impact power to punish on people's responses unfairness and associated neural correlates. In UG condition participants had violations, while alternate condition, impunity (IG), was presented where no since only reduced responder's income zero. Results showed that were rejected more often compared IG. At level, anterior insula dorsal...

To eliminate malaria, scalable tools that are rapid, affordable, and can detect patients with low parasitemia required. Non-invasive diagnostic reagent-free, affordable would also provide a justifiable platform for testing malaria in asymptomatic patients. However, non-invasive surveillance techniques remain gap. Here, we show near-infrared Plasmodium absorption peaks acquired non-invasively through the skin using miniaturized hand-held spectrometer. Using spectra from ear, these machine...

Summary Background An episode of acute ulcerative colitis (UC) represents an important watershed moment in a patient's disease course. Aims To derive personalised algorithm for identifying patients at high risk corticosteroid non‐response from variables available hospital presentation using large prospectively collected UC patient database and machine learning‐based techniques. Methods We analysed data 682 consecutive presentations UC. used Akaike information criterion‐based elastic net...