A5065331652- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Social Policy and Reform Studies
- Digital Economy and Work Transformation
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Congenital heart defects research
- Education Systems and Policy
- Regional Development and Policy
- Global Health Care Issues
- Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
University of Edinburgh
2016-2025
Economic and Social Research Institute
2016-2025
NHS Lothian
2020-2025
Trinity College Dublin
2018-2025
Cork University Hospital
2005-2024
University of Lausanne
2024
University of Oslo
2024
University College Cork
2000-2023
Cohort (United Kingdom)
2023
Royal Edinburgh Hospital
2018-2019
Abstract Background DNA methylation levels change with age. Recent studies have identified biomarkers of chronological age based on levels. It is not yet known whether captures aspects biological Results Here we test differences between people’s ages and estimated ages, age, predict all-cause mortality in later life. The difference (Δ ) was calculated four longitudinal cohorts older people. Meta-analysis proportional hazards models from the used to determine association Δ mortality. A 5-year...
Age-associated disease and disability are placing a growing burden on society. However, ageing does not affect people uniformly. Hence, markers of the underlying biological process needed to help identify at increased risk age-associated physical cognitive impairments ultimately, death. Here, we present such biomarker, 'brain-predicted age', derived using structural neuroimaging. Brain-predicted age was calculated machine-learning analysis, trained neuroimaging data from large healthy...
Background: The DNA methylation-based 'epigenetic clock' correlates strongly with chronological age, but it is currently unclear what drives individual differences. We examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the epigenetic clock four mortality-linked markers of physical mental fitness: lung function, walking speed, grip strength cognitive ability. Methods: age acceleration (residuals estimate regressed on age) were estimated in Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 at ages 70 (n =...
DNA methylation changes with age. Chronological age predictors built from are termed ‘epigenetic clocks’. The deviation of predicted the actual (‘age acceleration residual’, AAR) has been reported to be associated death. However, it is currently unclear how a better prediction chronological affects such association. In this study, we build multiple based on training samples selected 13,661 (13,402 blood and 259 saliva). We use Lothian Birth Cohorts 1921 (LBC1921) 1936 (LBC1936) examine...
The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain.We conducted an association study of body mass index (BMI) differential methylation for over 400,000 CpGs assayed by microarray whole-blood-derived from 3,743 participants Framingham Heart Study Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication three external cohorts 4,055 participants. We examined variations whole blood gene expression Mendelian randomization analyses to...
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) may cause cognitive dysfunction. We tested the association between combined presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features SVD and ability in older age. Cognitive testing brain MRI were performed 680 participants. lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, perivascular spaces summed a score 0–4 representing all combined. also applied latent variable modeling to test whether 4 form unitary construct. The showed significant associations with...
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of people's lives. Lockdown measures to reduce the spread have been more stringent for those aged over 70, at highest risk disease. Here, we examine whether home garden usage is associated with self-reported mental and physical wellbeing in older adults, during lockdown Scotland. This study analysed data from 171 individuals (mean age 84 ± 0.5 years) Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 who completed an online survey approximately two months after...
Abstract The term skills mismatch is very broad and can relate to many forms of labour market friction, including vertical mismatch, skill gaps, shortages, field study (horizontal) obsolescence. In this paper, we provide a clear overview each concept discuss the measurement inter‐relatedness different mismatch. We present comprehensive analysis current position literature on highlight areas which are relatively underdeveloped may warrant further research. Using data from European Skills Jobs...
PAMGUARD is open-source, platform-independent software to address the needs of developers and users Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) systems. For PAM operator—marine mammal biologist, manager, or mitigator—PAMGUARD provides a flexible easy-to-use suite detection, localization, data management, display modules. These provide standard interface across different platforms with flexibility allow multiple detectors be added, removed, configured according species interest hardware configuration...
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) are essential for regulation of gene expression. DNAm is dynamic, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. drift the divergence epigenome a function age due to stochastic changes in methylation. Here we show that epigenetic may be constrained at many CpGs across human genome sequence variation lifetime exposures. We estimate repeatability 234,811 autosomal whole blood using longitudinal data (2–3 repeated measurements) on 478...
It is critical to discover why some people's cognitive abilities age better than others'. We applied multivariate growth curve models data from a narrow-age cohort measured on multi-domain IQ measure at 11 years and comprehensive battery of thirteen measures visuospatial, memory, crystallized, processing speed ages 70, 73, 76 (n = 1091 70). found that 48% the variance in change performance was shared across all measures, an additional 26% specific four ability domains, test-specific. tested...
International evidence suggests that green space has beneficial effects on general and mental health but little is known about how lifetime exposure to influences cognitive ageing. Employing a novel longitudinal life course approach, we examined the association between availability of public parks Lifetime residential information was gathered from participants Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using "life-grid" questionnaire at age 78 years. Parks 1949, 1969 2009 used determine percentage within...
Abstract Individuals of the same chronological age exhibit disparate rates biological ageing. Consequently, a number methodologies have been proposed to determine and primarily exploit variation at level DNA methylation (DNAm). A novel epigenetic clock, termed ‘DNAm GrimAge’ has outperformed its predecessors in predicting risk mortality as well many age-related morbidities. However, association between DNAm GrimAge cognitive or neuroimaging phenotypes remains unknown. We explore these...
The term skill mismatch is very broad and can relate to many forms of labour market friction, including vertical mismatch, gaps, shortages, field study (horizontal) obsolescence. In this paper we provide a clear overview each concept discuss the measurement inter-relatedness different mismatch. We present comprehensive analysis current position literature on skills highlight areas which are relatively underdeveloped may warrant further research.Using data from European Skills Jobs Survey,...
Abstract The gender wage gap has declined over time. However, most of the remaining is unexplained, partly because convergence in wage‐determining characteristics. In this paper, we show degree differs substantially across Europe. some countries, predominantly Eastern Europe, entirely unexplained. other differences between characteristics men and women explain a relatively large proportion gap. Gender job preferences contribute 10% to gap, which more than tenure, previous employment status...
Regulation of gene expression shapes the interaction between brain networks which in turn supports psychological processes such as cognitive ability. How changes level across cerebral cortex influence ability remains unknown. Here, we tackle this by leveraging genomic deletions and duplications - copy number variants (CNVs) that fully encompass one or more genes expressed human lead to large effects on levels. We assigned 180 regions based their preferential computed using data from Allen...
An Intervention-AUV (or I-AUV), is a hover capable AUV whose primary role direct contact with subsea structures for measurement or physical manipulation of components. The aim the ALIVE project to develop an docking structure which has not been specifically modified use. This paper describes modular AUV, including its distributed software architecture and in particular ADS (Autonomous Docking System). It then outlines sonar video sensor processing techniques used real-time control perform...