New gemini imidazolium surfactants 9–13 have been synthesized by a regioselective epoxy ring-opening reaction under solvent-free conditions. The surface properties of these new were evaluated tension and conductivity measurements. These found to low critical micelle concentration (cmc) values as compared other categories cationic also showed the tendency form premicellar aggregates in solution at sufficiently below their cmc values. thermal degradation was determined thermograviometry...

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) by reactive glia that impedes repair and regeneration the cord. Degradation CSPGs is known to be beneficial promoting endogenous mechanisms including axonal sprouting/regeneration, oligodendrocyte replacement, remyelination, associated with improvements functional outcomes after SCI. Recent evidence suggests may regulate secondary modulating neuroinflammation To date, role SCI remains...

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is widely used in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda. Although it claimed to have a large variety health-promoting effects, including therapeutic effects on stress and disease, mechanisms action not yet been determined. In present study, we aimed investigate growth inhibition differentiation potential alcoholic extract leaves (i-Extract), its different constituents (Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide A) their combinations glioma (C6 YKG1)...

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in glial activation and neuroinflammation, which play pivotal roles the secondary mechanisms with both pro‐ antiregeneration effects. Presently, little is known about endogenous molecular that regulate functions injured spinal cord. We previously reported expression of neuregulin‐1 (Nrg‐1) acutely chronically declined following traumatic SCI. Here, we investigated potential ramifications Nrg‐1 dysregulation on immune cell reactivity Using...

Glutamate neurotoxicity has been implicated in stroke, head trauma, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. Search for herbal remedies that may possibly act as therapeutic agents is an active area of research to combat these diseases. The present study was designed investigate the neuroprotective role Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), also known Indian ginseng, against glutamate induced toxicity retinoic acid differentiated rat glioma (C6) human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cells....

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a robust neuroinflammatory response that governs secondary mechanisms with both degenerative and pro-regenerative effects. Identifying new immunomodulatory therapies to promote the supportive aspect of immune is critically needed for treatment SCI. We previously demonstrated SCI results in acute permanent depletion neuronally derived Neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) spinal cord. Increasing dysregulated level Nrg-1 through intrathecal enhanced endogenous cell replacement...

The cell adhesion molecule L1 is a Lewis(x)-carrying glycoprotein that plays important roles in the developing and adult nervous system. Here we show myelin basic protein (MBP) binds to Lewis(x)-dependent manner. Furthermore, demonstrate MBP released by murine cerebellar neurons as sumoylated dynamin-containing upon stimulation this cleaves serine protease extracellular domain at Arg(687) yielding transmembrane fragment promotes neurite outgrowth neuronal survival culture. L1-induced are...

Abstract Oligodendroglial cell death and demyelination are hallmarks of neurotrauma multiple sclerosis that cause axonal damage functional impairments. Remyelination remains a challenge as the ability endogenous precursor cells for oligodendrocyte replacement is hindered in unfavorable milieu demyelinating conditions. Here, rat model lysolecithin lysophosphatidyl‐choline (LPC)‐induced focal demyelination, we report Neuregulin‐1 (Nrg‐1), an important factor oligodendrocytes myelination,...

Abstract Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the population of mature oligodendrocytes undergoes substantial cell death; promoting their preservation and replacement is a viable strategy for preserving axonal integrity white matter repair in injured cord. Dramatic upregulation matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) shown to pose an obstacle endogenous processes, targeting CSPGs improves functional recovery after SCI. However, cellular molecular mechanisms underlying inhibitory...

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), also known as Indian Ginseng, is a well-known medicinal plant due to its antioxidative, antistress, antigenotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties. The present study was designed assess establish the cytoprotective potential of Ashwagandha leaf aqueous extract against lead induced toxicity. Pretreatment C6 cells with 0.1% showed cytoprotection 25 μ M 400 concentration nitrate. Further pretreatment nitrate exposed (200 M) resulted in normalization glial...

Abstract Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large negatively charged glycan mainly attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Several studies have shown that it important for correct formation of brain circuitries during development and synaptic plasticity, learning memory in adult. PSA also plays major role nervous system regeneration following injury. As next step clinical translation based therapeutics, we previously identified small organic compounds 5-nonyloxytryptamine vinorelbine...

Root extracts of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) are commonly used as a remedy for variety ailments and general tonic overall health longevity in the Indian traditional medicine system, Ayurveda. We undertook study to investigate anti‐proliferative differentiation‐inducing activities water extract Ashwagandha leaves (ASH‐WEX) by examining glioma cells. Preliminary detection phytochemicals was performed thin‐layer chromatography. Cytotoxicity determined using trypan blue MTT assays....

Neuroblastoma is an aggressive childhood disease of the sympathetic nervous system. Treatments are often ineffective and have serious side effects. Conventional therapy neuroblastoma includes differentiation agents. Unlike chemo-radiotherapy, shows minimal effects on normal cells, because non-malignant cells already differentiated. Keeping in view limited toxicity Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), current study was aimed to investigate efficacy Ashwagandha water extract (ASH-WEX) for...

β-Bromo glycerol monoethers, when heated with pyridine at 100 °C for 10 h, gave a new glycerol-based pyridinium cationic surfactant, 1-(1-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)alkane-2-yl)pyridinium bromide (6a−10a)/1-(2-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)alkyl)pyridinium (6b−10b) in yield of 60%−70%. The surface properties and biocompatibility these surfactants has been determined compared to tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium (10) cetyl (11).

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by immune mediated neurodegeneration that results in progressive, life-long neurological and cognitive impairments. Yet, the endogenous mechanisms underlying multiple pathophysiology are not fully understood. Here, we provide compelling evidence associates dysregulation of neuregulin-1 beta 1 (Nrg-1β1) with pathogenesis progression. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model sclerosis, demonstrate Nrg-1β1 levels abated within spinal cord lesions...