A5081088966- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Bryophyte Studies and Records
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
University of Cambridge
2008-2021
Princeton University
2017-2020
Leuphana University of Lüneburg
2015-2020
Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine
2015
Significance Eukaryotic algae, which play a fundamental role in global CO 2 fixation, enhance the performance of carbon-fixing enzyme Rubisco by placing it into an organelle called pyrenoid. Despite ubiquitous presence and biogeochemical importance this organelle, how assembles to form pyrenoid remains long-standing mystery. Our discovery abundant repeat protein that binds represents critical advance our understanding biogenesis. The sequence suggests elegant models explain structural...
There has been much interest in the chloroplast-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) as a target for engineering an increase net CO<sub>2</sub> fixation photosynthesis. Improvements enzyme would lead to production food, fiber, and renewable energy. Although contains active site, family <i>rbcS</i> nuclear genes encodes Rubisco small subunits, which can also influence carboxylation catalytic efficiency CO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> specificity...
Summary Many eukaryotic green algae possess biophysical carbon‐concentrating mechanisms ( CCM s) that enhance photosynthetic efficiency and thus permit high growth rates at low CO 2 concentrations. They are an attractive option for improving productivity in higher plants. In this study, the intracellular locations of ten components unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were confirmed. When expressed tobacco, all these except chloroplastic carbonic anhydrases CAH 3 6 had same as...
The pyrenoid is a subcellular microcompartment in which algae sequester the primary carboxylase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). associated with CO 2 -concentrating mechanism (CCM), improves operating efficiency of carbon assimilation and overcomes diffusive limitations aquatic photosynthesis. Using model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , we show that formation, Rubisco aggregation, CCM activity relate to discrete regions small subunit (SSU). Specifically,...
A protein motif mediates targeting of proteins to the pyrenoid and appears link pyrenoid’s three subcompartments.
Introducing components of algal carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) into higher plant chloroplasts could increase photosynthetic productivity. A key component is the Rubisco-containing pyrenoid that needed to minimise CO2 retro-diffusion for CCM operating efficiency. Rubisco in Arabidopsis was re-engineered incorporate sequence elements are thought be essential recruitment pyrenoid, namely small subunit (SSU, encoded by rbcS) or only surface-exposed SSU α-helices. Leaves rbcs mutants...
Green algae expressing a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) are usually associated with Rubisco-containing micro-compartment, the pyrenoid. A link between small subunit (SSU) of Rubisco and pyrenoid formation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has previously suggested that specific RbcS residues could explain occurrence green algae. phylogeny was used to compare protein sequence CCM distribution across positive selection estimated. For six streptophyte algae, catalytic properties, affinity for...
A comparative study has been made of the photosynthetic physiological ecology and carbon isotope discrimination characteristics for modern-day bryophytes closely related algal groups. Firstly, extent bryophyte distribution diversification as compared with more advanced land plant groups is considered. Secondly, measurements instantaneous (Delta), CO(2) assimilation electron transport rates were during drying cycles. The surface diffusion limitation (when wetted), internal conductance water...
Abstract In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is induced under low CO2 in light and comprises active inorganic carbon transport components, carbonic anhydrases, aggregation of Rubisco chloroplast pyrenoid. Previous studies have focused predominantly on asynchronous cultures cells grown versus high CO2. Here, we investigated dynamics CCM activation synchronized dark/light cycles compared with induction The specific focus was to undertake...
The pyrenoid of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a microcompartment situated in centre cup-shaped chloroplast, containing up to 90% cellular Rubisco. Traversed by network dense, knotted thylakoid tubules, has been proposed influence biogenesis and ultrastructure. Mutants that are unable assemble matrix, due expressing vascular plant version Rubisco small subunit, exhibit severe growth photosynthetic defects have an ineffective carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM)....
Carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) enable efficient photosynthesis and growth in CO2-limiting environments, eukaryotic microalgae localisation of Rubisco to a microcompartment called the pyrenoid is key. In model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, preferentially relocalises during CCM induction pyrenoid-less mutants lack functioning grow very poorly at low CO2. The aim this study was investigate CO2 response pyrenoid-positive (pyr+) pyrenoid-negative (pyr-) mutant strains determine...
Abstract Approximately one-third of global CO 2 fixation occurs in a phase separated algal organelle called the pyrenoid. Existing data suggest that pyrenoid forms by phase-separation -fixing enzyme Rubisco with linker protein; however, molecular interactions underlying this remain unknown. Here we present structural basis between and its intrinsically disordered protein EPYC1 (Essential Pyrenoid Component 1) model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . We find consists five evenly-spaced...
The distributions of CAM and C3 epiphytic bromeliads across an altitudinal gradient in western Panama were identified from carbon isotope (δ13C) signals, epiphyte water balance was investigated via oxygen isotopes (δ18O) wet dry seasons. There significant seasonal differences leaf (δ18Olw), precipitation, stored ‘tank’ vapour. Values δ18Olw evaporatively enriched at low altitude the season for epiphytes, associated with relative humidity (RH) during day. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)...
High-resolution images of chloroplast structure in the alga Chlamydomonas offer new insights into photosynthesis.