Obesity is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding-induced obesity in mice induces dysbiosis, causing a shift toward bacteria-derived metabolites detrimental effects on metabolism inflammation: events often contributing to the onset progression of both GI CNS Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) an endogenous lipid mediator beneficial mouse models However, mechanisms underlining its enteroprotective neuroprotective still need...

Mounting evidence suggests that depression represents a risk factor and an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuropsychiatric symptoms may derive from neurobiological changes in specific brain areas be considered prodromal dementia. We have previously reported the depressive-like profile rats receiving single intracerebroventricular injection soluble amyloid beta protein (ßA). Here, we verified effect different classes antidepressants on ßA-induced depressive behavior cortical...

The social isolation rearing of young adult rats is a model psychosocial stress and provides nonpharmacological tool to study alterations reminiscent symptoms seen in psychosis. We have previously demonstrated that leads increased oxidative cerebral NOX2 elevations. Here, we investigated early mRNA expression leading the brain. Rats were exposed short period (1 week) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genes involved blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation integrity (ORLs, Vof 21 16,...

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are principally diagnosed by three core behavioural symptoms, such as stereotyped repertoire, communication impairments and social dysfunctions. This complex pathology has been linked to abnormalities of corticostriatal limbic circuits. Despite experimental efforts in elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind these abnormalities, a clear etiopathogenic hypothesis is still lacking. To this aim, preclinical studies can be really helpful longitudinally...

Disrupted sociability and consequent social withdrawal are (early) symptoms of a wide variety neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, depressive disorders Alzheimer's disease. The paucity objective measures to translationally assess characteristics has been an important limitation study this behavioral phenotype, both in human rodents. aim the present was investigate rodents using ethologically valid paradigm, Visible Burrow System (VBS). VBS mimics...

Abstract Recent evidence pointed out that the prevalence of depression has reached epidemic proportions in last decades. This increase been linked to many environmental factors, among these influence dietary factors gained great attention. In particular, it reported low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake diet is correlated development depressive and anxiety-like symptoms. Furthermore, maternal malnutrition a widely accepted risk factor for developing mental illness later...

Abstract Recent evidence points towards a role of oxidative stress in suicidality. However, few studies were carried out on the sources reactive oxygen species (ROS) subjects with suicidal behaviour. We have previously demonstrated that NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived has major development neuropathological alterations observed an animal model psychosis. Here, we investigated possible increase NOX2 post mortem brain samples who died by asphyctic suicide (AS) compared controls (CTRL) and...

The transcription factor NUclear Receptor Related 1 (NURR1) regulates the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, which control voluntary movement, motivation, reward. NURR1 also plays anti-inflammatory functions in microglia, protecting mDA neurons from inflammation-induced death. It remains to be determined what extent exerts its function microglia. Interestingly, altered microglial phenotypes are associated psychiatric conditions. defects male mice with...

Interventions aimed to mitigate drug-related harm include drug checking, which invloves a chemical analysis of sample alongside personalized reduction advise. The Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) represents network Checking Services (DCS) in the Netherlands, people who use drugs (PWUD) may visit before consumption, though not consistently. This paper describes characteristics experienced effects PWUD have their tested after use, relation results submitted setting use. Data was...

Objective The purpose of this paper is to introduce the overarching study design South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) study, which an observational multicenter feasibility held in seven cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), Lima (Peru), Medellin (Colombia), Montevideo (Uruguay), Santiago (Chile), São Paulo Teresina (Brazil). Children adolescents (3‐17 years age) were studied. Methods data management systems, quality assurance monitoring activities, standardized...

Increasing evidence shows that eukaryotic microalgae and, in particular, the green microalga Chlorella, can be used as natural sources to obtain a whole variety of compounds, such omega (ω)-3 and ω-6 polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFAs). Although either beneficial or toxic effects Chlorella sorokiniana have been mainly attributed its specific ω-3 PUFAs content, underlying molecular pathways remain elucidated yet. Here, we investigate an acute oral administration lipid extract sorokiniana,...

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) core symptoms include deficits of social interaction, stereotyped behaviours, dysfunction in language and communication. Beyond them, several additional symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety-like states hyperactivity are often occurring, mainly overlapping with other neuropsychiatric diseases. To untangle mechanisms underlying ASD etiology, to identify possible pharmacological approaches, different factors, environmental, immunological genetic ones,...

The 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is the most active compound of Boswellia serrata proposed for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized in its early phase by alteration mood. Accordingly, we have previously demonstrated that an intracerebroventricular injection soluble amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) peptide evokes a depressive-like phenotype rats. We tested protective effects AKBA mouse model Aβ-induced phenotype. evaluated behavior using...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), one of the most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, is a fatal global burden for elder population. Although many efforts have been made, search curative therapy still ongoing. Individuating phenotypic traits that might help in investigating treatment response growing interest AD research. complex pathology characterized by comorbidities, such as depression and increased susceptibility to pain perception, leading postulate these conditions may rely on common...

Drug-naïve psychotic patients show metabolic and hepatic dysfunctions. The rat social isolation model of psychosis allows to investigate mechanisms leading these disturbances which oxidative stress crucially contributes. Here, we investigated isolation-induced central peripheral dysfunctions in glucose homeostasis insulin sensitivity, along with redox dysregulation. Social did not affect basal glycemic levels the response loads tolerance tests. However, HOMA-Index value were increased...

Medication with neuroleptics has been associated adipose tissue dysfunctions and, in particular, increased visceral fat amount. However, several studies suggested that antipsychotic treatment might not be the main responsible of mass accumulation, as this also described treated psychotic patients. One most used "drug-free" rodent models psychosis is social isolation rearing young adult rats, which provides a nonpharmacologic method inducing long-term alterations reminiscent symptoms seen...

Early brain insult, interfering with its maturation, may result in psychotic-like disturbances adult life. Redox dysfunctions and neuroinflammation contribute to long-term psychiatric consequences due neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Here, we investigated the effects of early pharmacological modulation redox inflammatory states, through celastrol indomethacin administration, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount, levels malondialdehyde (MDA) antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1,...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in brain disorders associated to amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity for which oxidative stress, neurochemical dysfunctions, and neuroinflammation underlying mechanisms. Here, mechanisms through lifelong exposure n-3 PUFA-enriched or n-6/n-3 balanced diets could elicit a protective role rat model of Aβ-induced were investigated. To this aim, we quantified hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine interleukin-10...

Subjects suffering from psychosis frequently experience anxiety. However, mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain still unclear. We investigated whether neurochemical and neuroendocrine dysfunctions were involved in the development of anxiety-like behavior a rodent model psychotic-like symptoms, obtained by exposing male rats to social isolation rearing postnatal day 21 70. In elevated zero maze test, isolated showed significant reduction time spent open arms, as well an increase...