A5048631667- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- interferon and immune responses
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Imperial College London
2015-2024
University of Essex
2020-2024
The London College
2019
University of Edinburgh
2015
Agri Food and Biosciences Institute
2009-2015
Queen's University Belfast
2009-2015
Roslin Institute
2009-2015
University of Ulster
2003-2014
University College Dublin
2014
Royal Veterinary College
2010-2012
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 attacks various organs, most destructively the lung, and cellular entry requires two host cell surface proteins: ACE2 TMPRSS2. Downregulation of one or both these is thus a potential therapeutic approach for COVID-19. TMPRSS2 known target androgen receptor, ligand-activated transcription factor; receptor activation increases levels in tissues, notably prostate. We show here that treatment with antiandrogen enzalutamide—a well-tolerated drug widely used advanced prostate...
In alkaline conditions, Listeria monocytogenes cells develop higher proportions of branched-chain fatty acids (FAs), including more anteiso forms. acid the opposite occurs. Reduced growth pH-sensitive mutants at adverse pH (5.0/9.0) was alleviated by addition 2-methylbutyrate (an anteiso-FA precursor), suggesting that anteiso-FAs are important in adaptation to pH. The balance between anteiso- and iso-FAs may be than changes amounts and/or degrees saturation FAs adaptation.
ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a major community and nosocomial pathogen. Its ability to withstand multiple stress conditions quickly develop resistance antibiotics complicates the control of staphylococcal infections. Adaptation lower temperatures key for survival bacterial species outside host. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD) an enzyme complex that catalyzes early stages branched-chain fatty (BCFA) production. In this study, BKD was inactivated, resulting in reduced...
Microbiological standards within pork slaughter processing plants in the European Union are currently governed by Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005, which describes detailed performance criteria at specific stages of procedure (following carcass dressing and before chilling) for total viable counts (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae (EB) Salmonella spp. In this study, 95 carcasses from an Irish plant were sampled swabbing 100 cm2 surface three sites (belly, ham, jowl) to examine effects eight...
Evidence of an association between added sugars (AS) and the risk obesity has triggered public health bodies to develop strategies enabling consumers manage their AS intake. The World Health Organisation (WHO) strongly recommended a reduction free 10% total dietary energy (TE) conditionally 5% TE achieve benefits. Despite food labelling being policy tool choice in many countries, there is no consensus on mandatory addition nutrition panel labels. An online survey was conducted explore...
Viruses that infect birds pose major threats—to the global supply of chicken, major, universally-acceptable meat, and as zoonotic agents (e.g. avian influenza viruses H5N1 H7N9). Controlling these in well understanding their emergence into, transmission amongst, humans will require considerable ingenuity how different species defend themselves. The type I interferon-coordinated response constitutes antiviral innate defence. Although interferon was discovered chicken cells, details response,...
Involvement of macrophages in the SARS-CoV-2-associated cytokine storm, excessive secretion inflammatory/anti-viral factors leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19 patients, is unclear. In this study, we sought characterize interplay between virus and primary human monocyte-derived (MDM). MDM were stimulated with recombinant IFN-α and/or infected either live or UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 two reassortant influenza viruses containing external genes from H1N1 PR8 strain...
Information regarding the Alkali-Tolerance Response (AlTR) in Listeria monocytogenes is very limited. Treatment of alkali-adapted cells with protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol has revealed that AlTR at least partially protein-dependent. In order to gain a more comprehensive perspective on physiology and regulation AlTR, we compared differential gene expression content adapted pH 9.5 un-adapted (pH 7.0) using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray two-dimensional (2D) gel...
Abstract The spontaneously immortalised DF-1 cell line is rapidly replacing its progenitor primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) for studies on avian viruses such as influenza but no comprehensive study has yet been reported comparing their innate immunity phenotypes. We conducted microarray analyses of and CEFs, under both normal stimulated conditions using interferon-α (chIFN-α) the attenuated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine strain PBG98. found that have an response compared to...
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) belongs to the family Birnaviridae and is economically important poultry industry worldwide. IBDV infects B cells in bursa of Fabricius (BF), causing immunosuppression morbidity young chickens. In addition strains that cause classical Gumboro disease, so-called 'very virulent' (vv) strain, also circulation, causes more severe increased mortality. has traditionally been controlled through use live attenuated vaccines, with attenuation resulting from...
Chicken Anaemia Virus (CAV) is an economically important virus that targets lymphoid and erythroblastoid progenitor cells leading to immunosuppression. This study aimed investigate the interplay between viral infection host's immune response better understand pathways lead CAV-induced To mimic vertical transmission of CAV in absence maternally-derived antibody, day-old chicks were infected their responses measured at various time-points post-infection by qRT-PCR gene expression microarrays....
Mammalian poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV), have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the host type I interferon (IFN) responses at different levels, with viral proteins targeting IFN induction, signaling, and antiviral effector functions. Avian poxviruses (avipoxviruses), which been developed as recombinant vaccine vectors for permissive (i.e., poultry) nonpermissive mammals, humans) species, encode no obvious equivalents of any these proteins. We show that fowlpox (FWPV) fails...
IBDV is economically important to the poultry industry. Very virulent (vv) strains cause higher mortality rates than other for reasons that remain poorly understood. In order provide more information on disease outcome, groups of chickens (n = 18) were inoculated with vv strain, UK661, or classical F52/70. Birds infected UK661 had a lower survival rate (50%) compared F52/70 (80%). There was no difference in peak viral replication bursa Fabricius (BF), but expression chicken IFNα, IFNβ, MX1,...
Alkali stress is an important means of inactivating undesirable pathogens in a wide range situations. Unfortunately, Listeria monocytogenes can launch alkaline tolerance response, significantly increasing persistence the pathogen such environments. This study compared transcriptome patterns alkali and non-alkali-stressed L. 10403S cells, to elucidate mechanisms by which adapts and/or grows during short- or long-term stress. Transcription profiles associated with shock (AS) were obtained DNA...
The emergence of the livestock-associated clone meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 is a serious public health issue throughout Europe. In Netherlands stringent 'search-and-destroy' policy has been adopted, keeping low level MRSA prevalence. However, reports have recently emerged transmission events between humans showing no links to livestock, contradicting belief that poorly transmissible in humans. question regarding transmissibility therefore remains great interest....
The discovery of mammalian pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) has revolutionised cell research and regenerative medicine. More recently discovered chicken ESC (cESC), though less intensively studied, are increasingly popular as vaccine substrates due to a dearth avian lines. Information on the comparative performance cESC with common viruses is limited. Using RNA-sequencing, we compared transcriptional programmes elicited by stimulation type I interferon or infection routinely propagated...
The anti-viral immune response is dependent on the ability of infected cells to sense foreign nucleic acids. In multiple species, pattern recognition receptor (PRR) cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses viral DNA as an essential component innate response. cGAS initiates a range signaling outputs that are generation second messenger cGAMP binds adaptor protein stimulator interferon genes (STING). Here we show in chicken macrophages, cGAS/STING pathway not only for production type-I...
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in particular, have become a public veterinary health concern. The search for MRS reservoirs outside human hospitals is needed order to understand the reasons their persistence control spread. been isolated from rats, but little known about occurrence foxes. In view of perceived increasing proximity between people foxes U.K. well-documented potential as hosts zoonotic pathogens, this study...