Beta oscillations (∼13 to 30 Hz) have been observed during many perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes in a plethora of brain recording studies. Although the function beta (hereafter “beta” for short) is unlikely be explained by any single monolithic description, we here discuss several convergent findings. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), increased appears at end trial when working memory information needs erased. A similar “clear-out” might apply stopping action long-term retrieval...

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an established treatment for motor symptoms Parkinson's disease. Given frequent occurrence stimulation-induced affective and cognitive adverse effects, a better understanding about role in non-motor functions needed. The main goal this study to characterize anatomical circuits modulated by deep stimulation, infer inner organization terms areas. its small size intersubject variability, functional difficult investigate vivo with current...

Clinical and subclinical (trait) anxiety impairs decision making interferes with learning. Less understood are the effects of temporary anxious states on learning in healthy populations, whether these can serve as a model for clinical anxiety. Here we test individuals elicit pattern aberrant behavioural, neural, physiological responses comparable those found disorders—particularly when processing uncertainty unstable environments. In our study, both state control group learned probabilistic...

Music performance is an extremely rapid process with low incidence of errors even at the fast rates production required. This possible only due to functioning self-monitoring system. Surprisingly, no specific data about error monitoring have been published in music domain. Consequently, present study investigated electrophysiological correlates executive control mechanisms, particular detection, during piano performance. Our target was extend previous research efforts on understanding human...

Anxiety influences how the brain estimates and responds to uncertainty. The consequences of these processes on behaviour have been described in theoretical empirical studies, yet associated neural correlates remain unclear. Rhythm-based accounts Bayesian predictive coding propose that predictions generative models perception are represented alpha (8–12 Hz) beta oscillations (13–30 Hz). Updates driven by prediction errors weighted precision (inverse variance) encoded gamma (>30 with...

Abstract Anxiety has been linked to altered belief formation and uncertainty estimation, impacting learning. Identifying the neural processes underlying these changes is important for understanding brain pathology. Here, we show that oscillatory activity in medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate orbitofrontal cortex (mPFC, ACC, OFC) explains anxiety-related learning alterations. In a magnetoencephalography experiment, two groups of human participants pre-screened with high low trait anxiety...

Anxiety results in sub-optimal motor learning, but the precise mechanisms through which this effect occurs remain unknown. Using a sequence learning paradigm with separate phases for initial exploration and reward-based we show that anxiety states humans impair by attenuating update of reward estimates. Further, when such estimates are perceived as unstable over time (volatility), constrains adaptive behavioral changes. Neurally, during increased amplitude rate long bursts sensorimotor...

Abstract Background: Local field potentials were recorded from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in a patient with dystonia to further elucidate disease‐specific aspects of basal ganglia oscillatory activity. Methods: STN local and electromyograms (EMGs) dystonic muscles provide an estimate power spectra coherence between activity EMG. Results: revealed distinct peak at approximately 7 Hz our patient. This finding is similar pallidal seen patients but clearly different beta Parkinson's disease....

Motor improvements, such as faster movement times or increased velocity, have been associated with reward magnitude in deterministic contexts. Yet whether individual inferences on probability influence motor vigor dynamically remains undetermined. We investigated how inferring volatile action-reward contingencies modulated performance trial-by-trial. conducted three studies that coupled a reversal learning paradigm sequence task and used validated hierarchical Bayesian model to fit...

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is highly prevalent among musicians and often debilitating, associated with changes in cognitive, emotional, behavioral, physiological responses to performance situations. Efforts have been made create simulated environments conservatoires Virtual Reality (VR) assess their effectiveness managing MPA. Despite these advances, results mixed, underscoring the need for controlled experimental designs joint analyses of performance, physiology, subjective ratings...

Many individuals experience performance anxiety (PA) in high-stakes situations, from public speaking to the performing arts. While debilitating PA is associated with physiological, cognitive, and affective alterations, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using behavioural analysis, computational modelling, electroencephalography, we investigated whether predisposes learn faster punishment than reward, particularly under high task uncertainty. Across three experiments 95 skilled...

The present study investigated the neural correlates associated with processing of music-syntactical irregularities as compared regular syntactic structures in music. Previous studies reported an early ( approximately 200 ms) right anterior negative component (ERAN) by traditional event-related-potential analysis during irregularities, yet little is known about underlying oscillatory and synchronization properties brain responses which are supposed to play a crucial role general cognition...

Singing, music performance, and speech rely on the retrieval of complex sounds, which are generated by corresponding actions organized into sequences. It is crucial in these forms behavior that serial organization (i.e., order) both associated sounds be monitored learned. To investigate neural processes involved monitoring order during initial learning sensorimotor sequences, we performed magnetoencephalographic recordings while participants explicitly learned short piano sequences under...

Abstract Recent neurophysiological studies have associated focal‐task specific dystonia (FTSD) with impaired inhibitory function. However, it remains unknown whether FTSD also affects the inhibition (INH) of long‐term overlearned motor programs. Consequently, we investigated in a Go/NoGo paradigm neural correlates activation (ACT) and memory traces pianists musician's (MD), form FTSD, during relevant task under constraint timing conditions multichannel EEG. In NoGo trials, movement related...

Sequential behaviour is widespread not only in humans but also animals, ranging different degrees of complexity from locomotion to birdsong or music performance. The capacity learn new motor sequences relies on the integrity basal ganglia-cortical loops. In Parkinson’s disease execution habitual action as well acquisition novel impaired partly due a deficiency being able generate internal cues trigger movement sequences. addition, patients suffering have difficulty initiating terminating...

Abstract The neurophysiological bases of mind wandering (MW)—an experiential state wherein attention is disengaged from the external environment in favour internal thoughts—and meta‐awareness are poorly understood. In parallel, relationship between introspection confidence judgements and neural representations remains unclear. Here, we recorded EEG while participants completed a listening task within which they made rated their confidence. Alpha power was reliably greater during MW episodes,...

The detection and assessment of errors are a prerequisite to adapt behavior improve future performance. Error monitoring is afforded by the interplay between cortical subcortical neural systems. Ample evidence has pointed specific error-related evoked potential, negativity (ERN), during evaluation response errors. Recent models reinforcement learning implicate basal ganglia (BG) in early error following stimulus–response associations modulation ERN. To investigate influence human BG motor...

Musician's dystonia (MD) is a task‐specific movement disorder characterized by loss of voluntary motor control in highly trained movements like piano playing. Its underlying pathophysiology defined deficient functioning neural pathways at different levels the central nervous system. However, few studies have examined brain responses associated with executive functions such as error monitoring MD. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) professional pianists during performance memorized music...

This study investigates the goal/habit imbalance theory of compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which postulates enhanced habit formation, increased automaticity, and impaired arbitration. It directly tests these hypotheses using newly developed behavioral tasks. First, OCD patients healthy participants were trained daily for a month smartphone app to perform chunked action sequences. Despite similar procedural learning attainment habitual performance (measured by an objective...