A5079518775- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Malaria Research and Control
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Trace Elements in Health
- Helminth infection and control
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Gut microbiota and health
- Global Health and Epidemiology
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Diverse Scientific Research Studies
Uganda Virus Research Institute
2017-2025
Université de Dschang
2021
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2019
Helminths may protect against cardiometabolic risk through effects on inflammation and metabolism; their treatment be detrimental to metabolic outcomes.
Abstract Vaccine responses are sometimes impaired in rural, low-income settings. Helminth-associated gut barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation (MT) may be implicated. We used samples from a trial of praziquantel treatment-effects on vaccine Schistosoma mansoni ( Sm )-endemic Ugandan islands, measuring intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (I-FABP2), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCab), soluble CD14 (sCD14) plasma, faecal lipocalin-2,...
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> BCG confers reduced, variable protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. A more effective vaccine is needed. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of candidate regimen ChAdOx1 85A–MVA85A compared with revaccination among Ugandan adolescents. <h3>Methods</h3> After 85A dose escalation age de-escalation, we did a randomised open-label phase 2a trial healthy adolescents aged 12–17 years, who were vaccinated at birth, without evident tuberculosis...
The prevalence of allergy-related diseases is increasing in low-income countries. Parasitic helminths, common these settings, may be protective. We hypothesized that intensive, community-wide, anthelminthic mass drug administration (MDA) would increase diseases, while reducing helminth-related morbidity.
Introduction Several licensed and investigational vaccines have lower efficacy, induce impaired immune responses, in low-income versus high-income countries rural, urban, settings. Understanding these population differences is essential to optimising vaccine effectiveness the tropics. We suggest that repeated exposure immunomodulation by chronic helminth infections partly explains response. Methods analysis designed an individually randomised, parallel group trial of intensive standard...
Background Knowing the prevalence of schistosomiasis is key to informing programmes control and eliminate disease as a public health problem. It also important understand impact infection on child growth development in order allocate appropriate resources effort disease. Methods We conducted survey estimate among school aged children villages along Albert-Nile shore line district Pakwach, North Western Uganda. A total 914 between 10–15 years were screened for Schistosoma mansoni using...
It is proposed that helminth exposure protects against allergy-related disease, by mechanisms include disconnecting risk factors (such as atopy) from effector responses.We aimed to assess how influences rural-urban differences in for outcomes tropical low- and middle-income countries.In cross-sectional surveys Ugandan rural Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)-endemic islands, nearby mainland urban communities with lower exposure, we assessed atopy (allergen-specific skin prick test [SPT] reactivity IgE...
<title>Abstract</title> Background Malaria and schistosomiasis are important parasitic diseases. Coinfections of these have been reported in areas endemic to both parasites. The aim this study was determine the association between <italic>Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)</italic> <italic>Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum)</italic> infection intensities among school age children living along Albert Nile. Methods A cross sectional 210 aged 10–15 years, conducted selected sites Nile Pakwach...
We investigated the impact of helminths and malaria infection on Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity, using samples data collected from a cluster-randomised trial intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment. The was carried out in 2012 to 2016 among fishing communities Lake Victoria islands Uganda. Plasma 2881 participants two household surveys, baseline (1310 participants) final (1571 surveys were tested for KSHV IgG antibody responses K8.1 ORF73 recombinant...
Several vaccines elicit lower efficacy or impaired immune responses in rural compared to urban settings, and tropical low-income countries high-income countries. An unresolved hypothesis is that immunomodulation by parasitic infections such as helminths (prevalent settings) contributes suppression of vaccine responses. Among 1–17-year-old Ugandan residents Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)-endemic islands proximate communities with helminth exposure, we assessed plasma antibody whole blood assay...
Background Variations in vaccine responses have been observed between populations. A role for helminth infections has proposed due to their immunomodulatory properties. In a secondary analysis of data from randomised trial assessing effects anthelminthic treatment on responses, we examined associations at baseline prior administration, and among adolescents (9-17 years) Koome Islands, Lake Victoria, Uganda. Methods Participants received BCG [week 0], yellow fever (YF-17D), oral typhoid...
Summary Low allergy‐related disease ( ARD ) prevalence in low‐income countries may be partly attributed to helminth infections. In the Schistosoma mansoni Sm )‐endemic Lake Victoria islands (Uganda), we recently observed positive helminth‐allergy associations, despite low prevalence. To understand how ‐induced cytokine and antibody profiles might influence allergic response this population, assessed worm SWA )‐ egg antigen SEA ‐ specific Th1 IFN ‐γ), Th2 IL ‐5, ‐13) regulatory ‐10) (n =...
In high-income, temperate countries, IgE to allergen extracts is a risk factor for, and mediator of, allergy-related diseases (ARDs). the tropics, positive tests are also prevalent, but rarely associated with ARD. Instead, responses ubiquitous cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) on plant, insect parasite glycoproteins, rather than established major allergens, dominant. Because anti-CCD has limited clinical relevance, it may impact ARD phenotyping assessment of contribution atopy...
Introduction Vaccine-specific immune responses vary between populations and are often impaired in low income, rural settings. Drivers of these differences not fully elucidated, hampering identification strategies for optimising vaccine effectiveness. We hypothesise that urban–rural (and regional international) mediated to an important extent by differential exposure chronic infections, particularly parasitic infections. Methods analysis Three related trials sharing core elements study design...
Over 290 million people are infected by schistosomes worldwide. Schistosomiasis control efforts focus on mass drug treatment with praziquantel (PZQ), a that kills the adult worm of all Schistosoma species. Nonetheless, re-infections have continued to be detected in endemic areas individuals living same area presenting varying infection intensities. Our objective was characterize transcriptome profiles peripheral blood children between 10–15 years intensities mansoni along Albert Nile Uganda....
Core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose are antigenic motifs on schistosome N-glycans, as well prominent IgE targets some plant insect glycoproteins. To map the association of infection with responses to these motifs, we assessed plasma IgG reactivity using microarray technology among Ugandans from rural Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)-endemic islands (n = 209), proximate urban communities lower Sm exposure 62). core modified N-glycans were higher in versus participants. Among participants, positively...
Introduction There is evidence that BCG immunisation may protect against unrelated infectious illnesses. This has led to the postulation administering before vaccines enhance responses these vaccines. might also model effects of on infections. Methods and analysis To test this hypothesis, we have designed a randomised controlled trial versus no determine effect subsequent vaccines, among 300 adolescents (aged 13–17 years) from Ugandan birth cohort. Our schedule will comprise three main days...