The density of localized tail states in amorphous ZnON (a-ZnON) thin film transistors (TFTs) is deduced from the measured current-voltage characteristics. extracted values state at conduction band minima (N(tc)) and its characteristic energy (kT(t)) are about 2 × 10(20) cm(-3)eV(-1) 29 meV, respectively, suggesting trap-limited prevails room temperature. Based on theory where these parameters considered, electron mobility accurately retrieved using a self-consistent extraction method along...

Zinc oxynitride semiconductor material is produced through a reactive sputtering process in which competition between reactions responsible for the growth of hexagonal zinc oxide (ZnO) and cubic nitride (Zn3N2) promoted. In contrast to processes reaction either or dominant, multireaction yields substantially amorphous highly disordered nanocrystalline film with higher Hall mobility, 47 cm2 V−1 s−1 as-deposited at 50 °C 110 after annealing 400 °C. addition, it has been observed that mobility...

A sensitive method for detecting particle deposition on semiconductor wafers has been developed. The consisted of generating a monodisperse fluorescent aerosol, depositing the known-size aerosol wafer in laminar flow chamber, and analyzing deposited particles using fluorometric technique. For size range 0.1–1.0 μm, mobility classification-inertial impaction technique developed by Romay-Novas Pui (1988) was used to generate test aerosols. Above diameter 1.0 uranine-tagged oleic acid aerosols...

We have synthesized high quality and large area MoS2 films on flexible fluorophlogopite substrates using the pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) technique. Annealing in a sufficient sulfur atmosphere was adopted to eliminate oxide molybdenum vacancies introduced during growth vacuum chamber. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrate advantages benefitted from annealing process. The S/Mo ratio of annealed film 1.98:1, which much closer theoretical value. Raman spectroscopy,...

Transmission measurements have been performed on University Research Glassware, Inc. model 2000–30B glass annular denuders at 10 L/min using monodisperse particles in the 0.01–1-μm diameter size range. Through control of aerosol charge state, particle losses due to diffusion and electrostatic effects were separately measured theoretical descriptions both developed. For Boltzmann charged (atmospheric) important 0.1–1-μm range total averaged only a few percent or less. Particle transmission...

High-quality and large-area 1T-VSe2 nanosheets with different thicknesses on flat mica substrates are grown by ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra between 90 350 K have been performed to investigate the phenomena of charge density wave (CDW) order. It can be found that frequency A1g mode increases decreasing temperature. When temperature reaches 110 K, abruptly converts a low wavenumber. This phenomenon proves CDW formation VSe2 5 nm thickness....

Abstract Possible mechanisms to achieve high mobility in zinc oxynitride (ZnON) have been investigated by comparison with other thin film semiconductors. Integrated processes fabricate ZnON TFTs developed. Issues and challenges encountered at current stage will be discussed.

This paper discusses a wide class of n-dimensional non-linear convection–diffusion equations with source term. It is shown that the radially symmetric admit certain types conditional Lie–Bäcklund symmetries. As result, exact solutions and symmetry reductions to 2D dynamical systems resulting are obtained. Those extend known ones such as self-similar instantaneous source-type porous medium equation absorption The behaviour extinction blow-up many described.

The particle size response of wafer surface scanners is experimentally and theoretically studied. basis for the theoretical predictions angular relative-intensity distributions obtained by three different methods: a numerical solution Maxwell's electromagnetic wave equations polystyrene latex (PSL) sphere on silicon surface, two approximate models that superimpose Mie scattering from Fresnel reflection at surface. predicted scattered intensities are averaged over geometry collection optics...

Design of an all-in-one (main etch, PR ash and clean) dielectric etch chamber requires independent control plasma generation from ion energy. Plasma simulation has been performed for a capacitively coupled discharge to study frequency effect on electron density, power deposition, dissociation fraction. Simulation results demonstrate that production efficiency enhances with increase in while energy the bombarding ions diminishes. A very high source developed generate density radio bias used...

A mathematical model and a computer program are developed to calculate the neutron energy spectrum, angular distribution, integrated yield of ${}^{9}$Be($d$,$n$) reaction on thick beryllium target as an accelerator-based source in incident-deuteron-energy range from 0.5 20.0 MeV. The double-differential cross section computed by talys code stopping power derived SRIM-2010 adopted program. Typical computational results presented, compared with previous experimental data evaluate computing...

Intentionally intensifying the light scattering of medium molecules can allow detection suspended nanoparticles under conditions not suitable for conventional optical microscopies or laser particle counters. Here, we demonstrate how collective and is imaged in response to power, frequency, oscillating direction incident wave electric field, this be used distinguish between microparticles, such as viruses bacteria. Under that intensified, appear magnified shiny moving dots superimposed on...

Enhanced piezoelectric, dielectric properties and thermal stability in ternary relaxor-PbTiO3 based ferroelectric crystals are expected to develop the next-generation of electromechanical devices. However, due their increased disorder compared other ferroelectrics, designing a controllable phase boundary structure engineered domain remains challenging task. Here, we construct monoclinic heterophase coexisting Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystal with optimized composition...

A new method is proposed in this paper to detect airborne nanoparticles, detecting the light scattering caused by both particle and surrounding molecules, which can surpass limitations of conventional laser optical methods while maintaining simplicity cost-effectiveness. This derived from a mathematical analysis that describes phenomenon more exactly including influence scattered gas molecules. The shows it often too much simplification consider only detected nanoparticle, because whether...

The southwestern Tarim area is rich in oil and gas resources has good exploration development potential. However, due to the widespread occurrence of micro–nano cracks pore leakage during drilling process, it difficult solve problem, resulting loss fluid swelling clay minerals as filtrate enters throat. This severely restricted process this area. In order improve complexity frequency Tajikistan, article analyzes wellbore formation fractures area, on basis, through comparison screening,...

We demonstrate the laser-driven post-acceleration experiment, utilizing a miniature slow-wave structure. Experiments on terawatt laser system showed significant increase in proton cutoff energy, highlighting technique's potential, especially for high-power systems. The structure consists of helix and shielded metallic shell covered outside. transmission properties electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) generated by laser–foil interactions along are studied. Through an field perspective, we derived...

Particle-in-cell simulations have been carried out to investigate the behavior of pulsed proton beams accelerated by laser within underdense plasma. The results reveal that wakefields generated beam effectively focus beam, improving beams' spatial distribution and energy spread. Additionally, electron rotations, inspired an external longitudinal magnetic field, form a transverse focusing field near which can be focused more effectively. This implies possibility utilizing plasma as viable...

A particle detection approach that measures a change of spin-dependent photocurrent caused by is proposed. The concept evaluated through step mathematical analysis an airborne sensing process using inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) device and circularly polarized incident light, equation derived to reveal the key parameters affect detection. theoretical model predicts signal submicron will be on scale nanovolts when large ISHE sensor 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Recent development efforts in copper etch processing show promising results many areas that have posed significant challenges for this new technology. We report on the performance features down to 0.25 /spl mu/m with aspect ratios greater than 2:1. Copper rates of over 5000 Aring//min been achieved, and corrosion-free post has demonstrated periods excess two weeks. Electrical device yield tests were conducted presented detail.

Recent development efforts in copper etch processing show promising results many areas that have posed significant challenges for this new technology. We report on performance features down to 0.25 /spl mu/m with aspect ratios greater than 2:1. Copper rates 5000 square//min been achieved, and corrosion-free post Cu has demonstrated periods excess of 72 hours. Electrical tests were conducted are presented detail.