Plants adjust their architecture to optimize growth and reproductive success under changing climates. Hypocotyl elongation is a pivotal morphogenic trait that profoundly influenced by light temperature conditions. While hypocotyl photomorphogenesis has been well characterized at the molecular level, mechanisms underlying thermomorphogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) conveys warm signals thermomorphogenesis. To investigate...

Plants exhibit diverse polar behaviors in response to directional and nondirectional environmental signals, termed tropic nastic movements, respectively. The ways which plants incorporate information into is well understood, but it less understood how stimuli, such as ambient temperatures, specify the polarity of behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that a developmentally programmed auxin flow underlies thermo-induced leaf hyponasty Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In warm environments,...

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of steaming process on chemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative Vietnamese ginseng.Samples powdered ginseng were steamed at 120°C for various times their extracts subjected biological studies.Upon steaming, contents polar ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1, rapidly decreased, whereas less ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rk3, Rh4 increased reported previously. However, ocotillol type saponins, which...

Plant thermosensors help optimize plant development and architecture for ambient temperatures, morphogenic adaptation to warm temperatures has been extensively studied in recent years. Phytochrome B (phyB)-mediated thermosensing the gene regulatory networks governing thermomorphogenic responses are well understood at molecular level. However, it is unknown how plants manage their responsiveness fluctuating inducing behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), known as a...

Morphogenic adaptation of young seedlings to light environments is a critical developmental process that ensures plant survival and propagation, as they emerge from the soil. Photomorphogenic responses are facilitated by network growth hormonal signals, such auxin gibberellic acid (GA). Karrikins (KARs), group butenolide compounds produced burning materials in wildfires, known stimulate seed germination fire-prone species. Notably, recent studies support also regulate seedling growth, while...

The gaseous phytohormone ethylene plays vital roles in diverse developmental and environmental adaptation processes, such as fruit ripening, seedling establishment, mechanical stress tolerance submergence escape. It is also known that the light, promotes hypocotyl growth by stimulating expression of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) transcription factor, which triggers microtubule reorganization during cell elongation. In particular, has been implicated plant responses to warm...

Abstract Heat stress adversely affects an array of molecular and cellular events in plant cells, such as denaturation protein lipid molecules malformation membranes cytoskeleton networks. Genome organization DNA integrity are also disturbed under heat and, accordingly, plants have evolved sophisticated adaptive mechanisms that either protect their genomes from deleterious heat-induced damage or stimulate genome restoration responses. In particular, it is emerging responses a critical defense...

Leaf senescence is an active developmental process that tightly regulated through extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming events, which underlie controlled degradation relocation of nutrients from aged or metabolically inactive leaves to young organs. The onset leaf coordinately modulated by intrinsic aging programs environmental conditions, such as prolonged darkness temperature extremes. Seedlings growing under light deprivation, often experienced in severe shading night...

Directional and non-directional environmental cues are able to induce polar behaviors of plants, which termed tropic nastic movements, respectively. While molecular mechanisms underlying the directionality movements relatively well studied, it is poorly understood how polarity determined in response stimuli, such as ambient temperatures. It has recently been shown that thermal induction leaf hyponasty stimulated by developmentally programmed auxin transport Arabidopsis. Under warm...

연구는 경북 봉화군 명호면과 재산면, 안동시 도산면과 예안면에 걸쳐 위치하는 청량산(870 m)에 자생하는 관속식물을 밝히고 주요 자원식물들의 분포를 파악하였다. 2006년 3월부터 2014년 10월까지 총 16회에 조사된 식물은 97과 330속 541종 3아종 61변종 9품종 614분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 중 한국특산식물은 21분류군, 산림청 지정 희귀식물 취약종은 8분류군, 약관심종은 5분류군, 환경부 식물구계학적 특정식물 V등급이 2분류군, IV등급이 10분류군, III등급이 18분류군으로 또한 청량산에 분포하는 분포특이종으로 세뿔투구꽃, 산토끼꽃 등 4종이 조사되었다. 이들은 유용성에 따라 구분하면 식용 234종류, 사료용 213종류, 약용 174종류, 관상용 62종류, 목재용 16종류, 염료용 12종류, 섬유용 11종류의 순으로 나타났고, 외에 용도를 알 수 없는 식물이 167종(27.2%)로 귀화식물은 32분류군으로 귀화율은 5.3%, 도시화지수는 10.0%로...

Plasmid-encoded class C β-lactamases, including CMY-1 and CMY-­10, hydrolyze the lactam bonds of β-lactam antibiotics, inducing therapeutic failure a lack eradication clinical isolates by third-generation cephalosporins or cephamycins. Therefore, enzymes are potential targets for developing agents against pathogens isolated from patients suffering wound infection, urinary tract infection pneumonia. CMY-10 were purified crystallized at 298 K. X-ray diffraction data CMY-­10 crystals have been...

It is well-known that even small changes in ambient temperatures by a few degrees profoundly affect plant growth and morphology. This architectural property intimately associated with global warming. In particular, under warm temperature conditions, plants exhibit distinct morphological changes, such as elongation of hypocotyls leaf petioles, formation small, thin leaves, hyponasty describes an upward bending petioles. These thermoresponsive adjustments are termed thermomorphogenesis. Under...

Summary High‐performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with evaporative light scattering detector ELSD and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q‐ TOF ‐ MS were used for qualitative quantitative analysis of wild Panax species, especially P. vietnamensis, which is an important medicinal plant. We determined the types concentrations ginsenosides in radix rhizome vietnamensis . Identification was achieved using Q‐ ; by The most abundant Vietnamese ginseng ocotillol type, accounting...

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a salient function of public safety networks for enabling communications, even in disaster environment where the infrastructures are fully or partially destroyed. In order that devices directly communicate, they must first find and identify each other. Especially, wireless channel conditions may be very poor, discovery should robust fast quick resume blocked communications again. this paper, considering frequency selective fading which lead to missing...