Upon fertilization, male and female nuclei fuse to form the zygotic nucleus in angiosperms. Karyogamy is considered be essential for proper embryogenesis; however, transcriptional dynamics during karyogamy plant zygotes remain unclear. In this study, we performed a single-cell transcriptome analysis of rice at six early developmental stages (15 min, 30 1 h, 2 4 6 h after gamete fusion) reveal gene expression profiles zygotes. The time-series RNA-seq detected possible de novo altered from 15...

Upon fertilization in angiosperms, one sperm cell fuses with the egg to produce a zygote, and, via karyogamy, parental genetic information is combined form diploid zygotic genome. Recently, analyses parentally imbalanced rice zygotes indicated that genomes are utilized synergistically different functions, and genes transcribed from paternal or maternal allele might play important roles development. Herein, we first conducted single nucleotide polymorphism-based mRNA-sequencing using...

The timing of seed germination is controlled by the combination internal dormancy and external factors. Temperature a major environmental factor for germination. permissive temperature range narrow in dormant seeds expands during after-ripening (AR) (dormancy release). Quantitative trait loci analyses preharvest sprouting cereals have revealed that MKK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade protein, negative regulator grain dormancy. Here, we show MAPKKK19/20-MKK3-MPK1/2/7/14 modulates

Supplementation with rare earth elements (REEs) such as lanthanum and cerium has been shown to promote plant elongation and/or increase crop yields. On the other hand, there are reports that REE supplementation of plants no effect. The appropriate modes for utilization underlying mechanism not fully understood. In this study, we investigated how under low light stress affects growth gene expression. Under conditions, tomato root was observed be reduced by about half. This suppression found...

Abstract Japanese pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia ) is a major fruit tree in the family Rosaceae and bred for production. To promote development of breeding strategies molecular research pear, we sequenced transcripts variety ‘Hosui’. exhaustively collect information total gene expression, RNA samples from various organs stages were by three technologies, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing, Sanger sequencing. Using all those reads, determined comprehensive reference...

Anisotropic cell expansion is crucial for the morphogenesis of land plants, as migration restricted by rigid wall. The anisotropy regulated mechanisms acting on deposition or modification wall polysaccharides. Besides polysaccharide components in wall, a layer hydrophobic cuticle covers outer and subjected to tensile stress that mechanically restricts expansion. However, molecular machinery deposits materials appropriate spatiotemporal manner accommodate tissue remains elusive. Here, we...

Abstract Temperature is a major environmental cue for seed germination. The permissive temperature range germination narrow in dormant seeds and expands during after-ripening. Quantitative trait loci analyses of pre-harvest sprouting cereals have revealed that MKK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade protein, negative regulator grain dormancy. Here we show the MAPKKK19/20-MKK3-MPK1/2/7/14 modulates Arabidopsis by elevating germinability at sub- supra-optimal temperatures....

Reflection light forms the core of our visual perception world. We can obtain vast information by examining reflection from biological surfaces, including pigment composition and distribution, tissue structure surface microstructure. However, because limitations in system, complete light, which we term 'reflectome', cannot be fully exploited. For example, may miss outside visible wavelengths. In addition, unlike insects, have virtually no sensitivity to polarization. detect non-chromatic...

Abstract Background Land plants exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle, whereby multicellular bodies develop in both the haploid and diploid generations. The early-diverging land plants, known as bryophytes, have haploid-dominant which short-lived body generation, sporophyte, develops on maternal gametophyte tissues. moss Physcomitrium ( Physcomitrella ) patens has become one of most powerful model systems evolutionary plant developmental studies. To induce sporophytes P. paten s, several...

Polyploid zygotes with a paternal gamete/genome excess exhibit arrested development, whereas polyploid maternal develop normally. These observations indicate that and genomes synergistically influence zygote development via distinct functions. In this study, to clarify how genome affects zygotic the developmental gene expression profiles of polyspermic rice were analyzed. The results indicated mostly at one-cell stage after karyogamy had completed. Through comparison transcriptomes between...

Land plant spermatozoids commonly possess characteristic structures such as the spline, which consists of a microtubule array, multilayered structure (MLS) in uppermost layer is continuum and multiple flagella. However, molecular mechanisms underpinning spermatogenesis remain to be elucidated. We successfully identified candidate genes involved spermatogenesis, deeply divergent BLD10s, by computational analyses combining methods omics data. then examined functions BLD10s liverwort Marchantia...

Abstract Hybridization generates biodiversity, and wide hybridization plays a pivotal role in enhancing broadening the useful attributes of crops. The barrier between wheat rice, two most important cereals, was recently overcome by vitro production allopolyploid wheat–rice hybrid zygotes, which can develop grow into mature plants. In study, genomic sequences compositions possible plants were investigated through short- long-read sequencing analyses fluorescence situ (FISH)-based...

Abstract Hibiscus trionum , commonly known as the ’Flower of an Hour’, is easily cultivated plant in Malvaceae family. The purple base part its petal exhibits structural color due to fine ridges on epidermal cell surface, and molecular mechanism ridge formation has been actively investigated. We performed genome sequencing H. using a long-read technology with transcriptome pathway analyses identify candidate genes for structure formation. ortholog AtSHINE1 which involved biosynthesis...

Hibiscus trionum, commonly known as the 'Flower of an Hour', is easily cultivated plant in Malvaceae family that widespread tropical and temperate regions, including drylands. The purple base part its petal exhibits structural colour due to fine ridges on epidermal cell surface, molecular mechanism ridge formation has been actively investigated. We performed genome sequencing H. trionum using a long-read technology with transcriptome pathway analyses identify candidate genes for structure...

Abstract Parthenogenesis is suppressed in rice egg cells to avoid precocious development before fertilization. We found that cold treatment released cell cycle arrest and triggered mitosis. Egg isolated from japonica (Nipponbare; NB) aus (Kasalath; KS) subspecies divided regenerated into mature plants after treatment. The egg-derived showed variety of ploidy levels, including haploid (n), diploid (2n), tetraploid (4n). Nuclear DNA quantification genome duplication occurred during early...

Abstract Background: Land plants exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle, whereby multicellular bodies develop in both the haploid and diploid generations. The early-diverging land plants, known as bryophytes, have haploid-dominant which short-lived body generation, sporophyte, develops from maternal gametophyte tissues. moss Physcomitrium ( Physcomitrella ) patens has become one of most powerful model systems evolutionary plant developmental studies. To induce sporophytes P. paten s,...

Abstract Oogamy is a form of sexual reproduction and evolved independently in animals, fungi, plants. In streptophyte plants, Charophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae, bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns (monilophytes), some gymnosperms (Cycads Ginkgo) utilize spermatozoids as the male gamete. Plant commonly possess characteristic structures such spline, which consists microtubule array, multilayered structure (MLS) uppermost layer continuum multiple flagella. However, molecular mechanisms underpinning...