<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) caused by <italic>Mycobacterium bovis</italic> remains a persistent zoonotic and agricultural challenge, despite advances in eradication programs targeting cattle. The complexity of TB epidemiology, especially extensive livestock systems wildlife reservoirs, necessitates novel control strategies. Vaccination has re-emerged as promising tool, with growing interest inactivated vaccines for both efficacy diagnostic...

Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. (MAP). Recent studies suggest an association between MAP and Crohn's in humans. can become widely distributed within tissues infected animals, meat may be possible route exposure to In this study, 47 dairy beef cattle were examined for occurrence viable diaphragm muscle. At slaughterhouse, gut tissues, muscle, blood, feces animals collected...

Rabbits are susceptible to infection by different species of the genus Mycobacterium. Particularly, development specific lesions and isolation Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, both subspecies M. complex, has been reported in wildlife conditions. Although, rabbit meat production worldwide is 200 million tons per year, microbiological data on this source lacking more specifically reports mycobacterial presence industrially reared for human consumption have not published. To end, we...

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, avium , and many other nontuberculous mycobacteria are worldwide distributed microorganisms of major medical veterinary importance. Considering the growing epidemiologic significance wildlife-livestock-human interrelation, developing rapid detection tools high specificity sensitivity is vital to assess their presence accelerate process diagnosing mycobacteriosis. Here we describe development evaluation a novel tetraplex real-time PCR for...

Paratuberculosis vaccination has been in use some regions for many decades, but results have not widely spread. A new Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) killed vaccine was studied relationship with its effects on fecal shedding and milk production four farms while other two were kept as controls submitted to a test cull scheme. Fecal detection (n = 1829) milking records 2413) analyzed after (5 herds) (1 herd) years of the beginning intervention. Shedder prevalence reduced by...

ABSTRACT The enteropathy called paratuberculosis (PTB), which mainly affects ruminants and has a worldwide distribution, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. . This disease significantly reduces the cost-effectiveness of ruminant farms, therefore, reliable rapid detection methods are needed to control spread bacterium in livestock environment. aim this study was identify specific sensitive combination DNA extraction amplification detect M. feces. Negative bovine fecal samples were...

Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 (NOD2) has been reported to be a candidate gene for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in Bos taurus × indicus mixed breed based on genetic association with the c.2197T>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Nevertheless, this SNP also monomorphic B. species. In present work, 18 SNPs spanning bovine NOD2 have analysed study of two independent populations Holstein-Friesian cattle. We found that C allele c.*1908C>T, located...

The growth rate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was assessed by different methods in 7H9 medium supplemented with OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase), Tween 80, and mycobactin J. Generation times maximum specific rates were determined wet weight, turbidometric measurement, viable count, quantitative PCR (ParaTB-Kuanti; F57 gene) for 8 M. strains (K10, 2E, 316F, 81, 445, 764, 22G, OVICAP 49). Strain-to-strain differences observed curves calculated parameters....

Although there is a wide consensus on the efficacy of paratuberculosis vaccination to limit economic losses, its use has been restricted because interference in diagnosis tuberculosis. Data from vaccine clinical trial Basque Country (Spain) evaluated relationship with bovine tuberculosis intradermal test results. The included two herds applying Test and Culling strategy five an inactivated vaccine. was applied animals all ages present each vaccinated herd when joining trial, then replacers...

Paratuberculosis vaccination in cattle has been restricted due to its possible interference with the official diagnostic methods used tuberculosis eradication programs. To overcome this drawback, new possibilities detect Mycobacterium bovis infected paratuberculosis vaccinated animals were studied under experimental conditions. Three groups of 5 calves each included experiment: one group, and M. group group. The performance IFN-gamma release assay (IGRA) skin test using conventional avian...

Mycobacteria include obligate and opportunistic pathogens that cause significant human animal disease. The burden of tuberculosis has been largely reduced in developed territories but remains a huge problem worldwide. significance nontuberculous mycobacteria is growing considerably, especially regions with higher life expectancy more therapy-related immunosuppressed individuals. Due to their robustness can contaminate products by direct transmission from infected individuals or environmental...

Both bovine tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (PTB) are serious widespread bacterial infections affecting many domestic wild animal species. However, current vaccines do not confer complete protection cause interference with other diagnostics tests, including TB. Therefore, the development of "Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals" (DIVA) tests a pressing need. In this study, we have tested feasibility mycobacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential source biomarkers...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the underlying pathogen causing bovine (PTB), an enteric granulomatous disease that mainly affects ruminants and for which effective treatment needed. Macrophages are primary target cells Map, survives replicates intracellularly by inhibiting phagosome maturation. Neutrophils present at sites during early stages of infection, but seem to be absent in late stage, contrast healthy tissue. Although neutrophil activity has been reported...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is caused by a complex interplay involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors an infectious agent. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) promising pathogen candidate since it produces chronic intestinal inflammatory in ruminants that resembles CD humans. MAP ubiquitous microorganism, although its presence the food chain, especially milk from infected animals, what...

The gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest immune organ of body. Although transient and mucosa-associated microbiota have been largely studied, that colonizes GALT has received less attention. microbiome plays an important role in competitive exclusion pathogens development maturation immunity. Diet a key factor affecting composition digestive tract. To investigate relation between diet, GALT, microbial cell vermiform appendix (VA) sacculus rotundus (SR) were studied two groups...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of (PTB), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease that causes high economical losses in dairy livestock worldwide. Due to absence widely available preventive or therapeutical treatments, new alternative therapies are needed. In this study, effect probiotic alone combination with commercial vaccine has been evaluated rabbit model. Vaccination enhanced humoral response, exerted training peripheral polymorphonuclear...

Paratuberculosis is a chronic enteric infection, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), affecting virtually all ruminants as well other animals. MAP also suspected to be involved in the etiology of some human diseases, like Crohn's disease and others. In surveillance studies, different analytical methodologies were employed detect MAP, showing results incidence dairy products. The aim this study was evaluate performance characteristics three methods [culture,...

Neutrophils constitute an essential component of the innate immune response, readily killing most bacteria through phagocytosis, degranulation, and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) among other mechanisms. These cells play unclear role in mycobacterial infections such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), etiological agent paratuberculosis, its response is particularly understudied ruminants. Herein, a wide set techniques were adapted, or newly developed, to...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) causes (PTB), a granulomatous enteritis in ruminants that exerts high economic impact on the dairy industry worldwide. Current vaccines have shown to be cost-effective against Map and some cases confer beneficial non-specific effects other pathogens suggesting existence of trained immunity. Although infection is mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route, oral vaccination has not been deeply studied. Therefore, aim this study was compare route...

Paratuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial infection causing granulomatous enteritis in ruminants, whose pathogenesis and epidemiology poses numerous challenges, including latency reactivation. The most recent complete classification of paratuberculosis immunopathological types cattle recognized five categories. In this study, 1031 slaughtered Friesian were submitted to serological, microbiological pathological examinations with the aim maximizing rate case detection. cases, infected...