Background Approximately 20.5 million infants were born weighing <2500 g (defined as low birthweight or LBW) in 2015, primarily low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infants LBW, including those preterm (<37 weeks gestation), are at increased risk for numerous consequences, neonatal mortality morbidity well suboptimal health nutritional status later life. The objective of this study was to identify predictors LBW birth among rural Uganda. Methods Data derived from a prospective cohort...

The present study is in response to increased interest towards assessing the feasibility of a small-scale autonomous helicopter (gross weight less than 1 kg) for Martian exploration. An rotorcraft may be ideally suited such an application because its unique advantages, which include ability take off/land vertically on harsh terrain, and greater speed, range, field view, when compared traditional surface rover. atmospheric conditions Mars set design challenges. Even though gravity only about...

Naturally occurring aflatoxins may contribute to poor growth and nutritional statuses in children.We analyzed the relationship between contemporary lagged aflatoxin exposure 1) length-for-age z-score (LAZ); 2) length, knee-heel stunting, weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ).We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study involving 1675 mother-infant dyads rural Nepal. Participants were repeatedly visited from pregnancy 2 years of age (2015-2019). One blood sample was collected during...

Abstract Childhood stunting remains a public health burden worldwide. Although many studies have examined early life and in‐utero risk factors; most been observational used analytic techniques that make inferences limited to population means, thereby obscuring important within‐group variations. This study addressed gap. Using data from birth cohort of Ugandan infants ( n = 4528), we applied group‐based trajectory modelling assess diverse patterns growth among children 1‐year old. A...

Abstract The selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria is called mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and apoptosis have been suggested to be interrelated in various human lung carcinomas. Leucine zipper EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein-1 (LETM1) was cloned an attempt identify candidate genes for Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. LETM1 plays a role mitochondrial morphology, ion homeostasis, cell viability. has also shown overexpressed different cancer tissues, including cancer....

Abstract Evidence of the impact exposure to multiple mycotoxins and environment enteric dysfunction (EED) on child growth is limited. Using data from a birth cohort study, objectives this study were (a) quantify (serum aflatoxin [AFB 1 ] ochratoxin A [OTA], urinary fumonisin [UFB deoxynivalenol [DON]), as well EED (lactulose:mannitol [L:M] ratio); (b) examine potential combined effects mycotoxin growth. Multivariate regressions used identify associations between measurements (length, weight,...

Antipsychotic drugs are regularly used for the treatment of many types psychiatric disorders. The administration second-generation antipsychotics is often associated with weight gain and development diabetes mellitus; however, molecular mechanisms underlying effects these remain poorly understood. Leptin insulin play key roles in regulation energy balance glucose homeostasis, resistance to actions hormones can occur obesity inflammation, resulting pathogenesis type 2 diabetes. In this study,...

Background: Global commitments to nutrition have supported calls for better evidence support effective investments at national level. However, too little attention has so far been paid the role of governance in achieving impacts. Objective: This article explores ways by which commitment and capabilities policy implementers affect collaborative efforts goals. Methods: Over 1370 structured interviews were held with government nongovernment officials over 3 years 21 districts. Coded responses...

Abstract Background Aflatoxins are found in diverse foods widely consumed worldwide. This study investigated the association between aflatoxin exposure and (a) consumption of specific foods, (b) dietary diversity (DD), (c) seasonality. Methods Women enrolled AflaCohort Study Banke, Nepal ( n = 1648) were asked how often they ate certain food items past 7 days 24 h. Serum B 1 -lysine (AFB -lys) adduct levels, measured during pregnancy, determined using high-performance liquid chromatography....

The consumption of high-quality diverse diets is crucial for optimal growth, health, and wellbeing. Objective: This study assessed the diet quality households by their type engagement in homestead aquaculture and/or horticulture. Socio-demographic determinants were also studied. Method: Diet was using a nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), based on preceding 7 days’ dietary recall at household level. Adult male equivalent units (AMEs) used age- sex-specific intra-household distribution intakes....

Abstract Quality complementary feeding (CF) of infants and young children is key to their growth development. But in Jordan, providing appropriate CF remains a challenge. This study assesses trends infant child (IYCF) practices, consumption by aged 6–23 months breast milk substitutes (BMSs), sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs), micronutrient‐rich foods Jordan from 1990 2017. We combined dietary data on six Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) ( n = 14,880 children) compute IYCF indicators. The...

Abstract Background The public health burden of undernutrition remains heavy and widespread, especially in low-income countries like Nepal. While predictors are well documented, few studies have examined the effects political will quality policy or program implementation on child growth. Methods Data were collected from two nationwide Nepal to determine relationship between a metric nutrition ‘governance’ (the Nutrition Governance Index), derived interviews with 520 government non-government...

The Nutrition Governance Index (NGI) defines a first standardized approach to quantifying the 'quality of governance' in relation national plans action accelerate improvements nutrition. It was created response growing demand for evidence-based measures that reveal opportunities and challenges as nutrition-related policies on paper are translated into outcomes ground. Numerous past efforts measure 'governance,' most notably World Health Organization's (WHO's) NGI separate Hunger Commitment...

Abstract In rural Bangladesh, intake of nutrient‐rich foods, such as animal source foods (ASFs), is generally suboptimal. Diets low in nutrients and lacking diversity put women reproductive age (WRA) at risk malnutrition well adverse birth outcomes. The objective this study was to assess the relationship between maternal dietary diversity, consumption specific food groups markers nutritional status, including underweight [body mass index (BMI) &lt; 18.5 kg/m 2 ], overweight (BMI ≥ 23 )...

noBackground &amp; Objectives: Over the few years there has been a marked increase in use of intramedullary fixation management fracture shaft femur children. The goals should be to stabilize fracture, control length and alignment, promote bone healing minimize morbidity complications for child. In this prospective study we intend evaluate functional radiological outcome diaphyseal treated with elastic nail.Materials Methods: All 56 patients were titanium nail followed period 32...

Early-childhood development (ECD) is an important determinant of a child’s cognitive ability, learning, productivity, and lifetime earnings. Animal-sourced food (ASF), which rich source high-quality protein micronutrients, has been linked with ECD outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between number, frequency, cumulative consumption ASF at 6, 9, 12, 18 months age outcomes 24 age, controlling for physical growth. The uses data collected from 701 mother–child pairs observational...

Background Anemia through pregnancy is highly correlated with poor birth outcomes, especially low weight (LBW). The Nepal DHS 2011 reports prevalence of anemia in pregnant women at 48%. Objective objectives are to determine levels enrolled a longitudinal cohort and understand the factors associated serum hemoglobin. Methods Data from rolling study (n=1675 women) being conducted Banke District Nepal. At recruitment, one venous blood sample was collected each woman along anthropometry (weight,...

Background &amp; Objectives: Tibial plateau fractures have been studied and reported extensively exhaustively but still controversy exists over its management, whether surgical or conservative. Although several methods of treatment devised, each method offers their own advantages disadvantages. In this study we utilized conservative which like any other mode restores articular congruity, axial alignment, joint stability, functional motion avoids complications. This was conducted with an...