A5024145124- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Delphi Technique in Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital
2014-2024
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
2017-2019
Tribhuvan University
2006-2019
University of Bergen
2009-2018
Cambridge University Press
2018
New York University Press
2018
University Hospital of North Norway
2010
Highly prevalent conditions with multiple and complex underlying etiologies are a challenge to public health. Undernutrition, for example, affects 20% of children in the developing world. The cause consequence poor nutrition multifaceted. Undernutrition has been associated half all deaths worldwide aged <5 years; addition, its pernicious long-term effects early childhood have cognitive physical growth deficits across generations thought suppress immunity further infections reduce efficacy...
Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on gut resulting in a state persistent immune activation altered permeability, has been proposed as key determinant growth failure children low- middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, intestinal systemic inflammation affect child was conducted within framework Etiology, Risk Factors Interactions Enteric Infections...
Promotion of proper breastfeeding practices for the first six months life is most cost-effective intervention reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. However, adherence to recommendations in many developing countries not satisfactory. The aims study were determine infant feeding patterns at nine age assess factors influencing exclusive practices. In Bhaktapur, Nepal, we carried out a cross-sectional survey 325 infants who came measles vaccination months. Mothers interviewed on details...
<h3>Importance</h3> Most of the global morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs low- middle-income countries (LMICs), with significant economic effects. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess discriminative accuracy 3 instruments using questionnaires peak expiratory flow (PEF) to screen for COPD LMIC settings. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A cross-sectional analysis accuracy, conducted between January 2018 March 2020 semiurban Bhaktapur, Nepal; urban...
Globally, solid fuels are used by about 3 billion people for cooking. These have been associated with many health effects, including acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. Nepal has a high prevalence of use biomass cooking and heating.This case-control study was conducted among population the Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal, to investigate relationship cookfuel type ALRI children.Cases age-matched controls were enrolled from an open cohort children 2-35 months old, under...
We report the infant feeding experiences in first month of life for 2,053 infants participating "Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences Child Health Development" (MAL-ED). Eight sites (in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Brazil, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania), each followed a cohort children from birth (by day 17), collecting detailed information on practices, diet illness episodes. Mothers were queried twice weekly regarding health status, breastfeeding introduction (or no)...
Background: Poor vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) status is widespread in South Asia. Insufficient has been linked to poor neurodevelopment young children.Objective: We measured the associations between infancy (2-12 mo) and development cognitive functioning Nepalese children 5 y later.Design: Vitamin was assessed with use of plasma cobalamin, total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA). At age, we Ages Stages Questionnaire, 3rd edition (ASQ-3), by using Developmental Neuropsychological...
The overall goal of Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions Enteric Infections Malnutrition the Consequences for Child Health Development (MAL-ED) cohort study is to evaluate roles repeated enteric infection poor dietary intakes on development malnutrition, cognitive development, diminished immune response. use 8 distinct sites data collection from Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia allow an examination these relationships across different environmental contexts. Key testing...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and burdensome condition in low- middle-income countries (LMICs). Challenges to better care include more effective diagnosis access affordable interventions. There are no previous reports describing therapeutic needs of populations with COPD LMICs who were identified through screening.
Pneumonia is among the main causes of illness and death in children <5 years age. There a need to better describe epidemiology viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) developing countries. From July 2004 June 2007, we examined nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from 2,230 cases (World Health Organization criteria) 2 35 months old recruited randomized trial zinc supplementation at field clinic Bhaktapur, Nepal. The specimens were for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza type A (InfA) B...
Iron deficiency anemia is a widespread public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Maternal iron status around during pregnancy may influence infant status. We examined multiple biomarkers to determine the prevalence of among breastfed infants explored its relationship with maternal characteristics Bhaktapur, Nepal. In cross-sectional survey, we randomly selected 500 mother–infant pairs from Bhaktapur municipality. Blood was analyzed for hemoglobin, ferritin,...
Exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin common in many foods, has been associated with child growth impairment sub-Saharan Africa. To improve our understanding of relation aflatoxin and other risk factors, we assessed biospecimens collected Nepalese children at 15, 24, 36 months age for exposure. Children (N = 85) enrolled the Bhaktapur, Nepal MAL-ED study encompassed cohort analysed this study. was through plasma biomarker exposure: AFB1-lysine adduct. The exposures participants were compared...
Launched in 1974, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is estimated to prevent two-three million deaths annually from polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles, and tetanus. Additional lives could be saved through better understanding what influences adherence EPI schedule specific settings. The Etiology, Risk Factors Interactions of Enteric Infections Malnutrition Consequences for Child Health Development (MAL-ED) study followed cohorts eight sites South Asia, Africa,...
More than 90% of the morbidity and mortality from chronic respiratory disease occurs in low-income middle-income countries (LMICs), with substantial economic impact. Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a prevalent lung function abnormality associated increased high-income countries. We aimed to conduct post-hoc analysis cross-sectional study assess prevalence of, risk factors for, impact PRISm three diverse LMIC settings.
Children in low and middle-income countries have a high burden of pneumonia. Measuring the cytokine responses may be useful to identify novel markers for diagnosing, monitoring, treating pneumonia.To describe compare wide range inflammatory mediators plasma from children with WHO-defined severe non-severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP), explore what extent certain are associated severity viral detection.We collected blood samples 430 (n = 43) 387) CAP. Plasma these were analysed 27...
Background: The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) is the most widely used developmental assessment tool for infants toddlers worldwide, but less known about its psychometric properties feasibility in low middle-income countries. Aim: To assess Bayley-III when a large scale randomized controlled intervention trial Nepal. Methods: participating were part randomized, doubled blind, placebo-controlled to measure efficacy vitamin B12 supplementation on...
The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections Malnutrition the Consequences for Child Health Development (MAL-ED) cohort study site in Nepal is located Bhaktapur municipality, 15 km east Kathmandu, capital city Nepal. Bhaktapur, an ancient famous its traditional temples buildings, included on UNESCO's World Heritage List a major tourist attraction land-locked country South Asia between China India with area 147 181 km(2), ranging from sea-level plains to Mount Everest,...
Poor growth in early childhood has been associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity, as well long-term deficits cognitive development economic productivity. Data from the MAL-ED cohort study were used to identify factors first 2 y life that are height-for-age, weight-for-age, body mass index z-scores (HAZ, WAZ, BMIZ) at 5 age. A total 1017 children followed near birth until age sites Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania. collected on their growth,...
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development is widely used worldwide. objective the current study was to measure stability during early childhood its relationship with intellectual abilities at four years in young Nepalese children.In a prospective cohort we 3rd edition child development 529 children 6-11, 18-23 30-35 months. At years, Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale Intelligence (WPPSI) abilities. We expressed scores by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) concordance (CCCs)....
Vitamin deficiencies are known to be common among infants residing in low- and middle-income countries but relatively few studies have assessed several biochemical parameters simultaneously. The objective of the study was describe status vitamins (A, D, E, B6, B12 folate) breastfed infants. We measured plasma concentrations trans retinol, 25 hydroxy vitamin α-tocopherol, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, hemoglobin C-reactive protein from 467...