A5083946071- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Trace Elements in Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
2016-2025
University of Bergen
2016-2025
Institut Cochin
2019
Université de Montpellier
2016
Inserm
2016
University of Zambia
2016
University Teaching Hospital
2016
Makerere University
2016
Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo
2016
University of the Western Cape
2016
Background. Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death among children aged <5 years in developing countries. This paper describes the clinical epidemiological methods used to conduct Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, case/control study estimate population-based burden, microbiologic etiology, adverse consequences acute moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) censused population 0–59 months seeking care at health centers sub-Saharan Africa South...
Background The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized. Methods Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), 3-year, 7-site, case-control study moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and GEMS-1A (1-year MSD less-severe [LSD]) were analyzed. Stools 12,110 3,174 LSD cases among children aged <60 months 21,527 randomly-selected controls matched by age, sex community immunoassay-tested for Cryptosporidium. Species subset...
Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income middle-income countries. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) has described the incidence, aetiology, sequelae medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) aged 0-59 months residing censused populations sub-Saharan Africa south Asia, where most child deaths occur. To further characterise this disease burden guide interventions, we extended study to include with...
The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel studies, one assessing MSD other less-severe (LSD). In this report, we analyse risk death with each type specific pathogens associated fatal outcomes.GEMS prospective, age-stratified, matched done at seven sites Africa Asia. Children months...
It is plausible that one of the key biological pathways through which Kangaroo mother care (KMC) improves health outcomes in LBW infants by enhancing human milk intake and quality. This hypothesis needs to be tested. To estimate effect promotion support KMC compared control during neonatal period on components. We randomized 550 (1500-2250 grams) intervention arm with for continuous skin-to-skin contact exclusive breastfeeding home visits or no such (control) period. All received routine...
We outline CONSORT-Equity 2017 reporting standards, an extension to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement that aims improve intervention effects in randomised trials where health equity is relevant. Health inequities are unfair differences can be avoided by reasonable action. defined a trial relevant as one assesses on evaluating focused people experiencing social disadvantage or exploring difference effect between two groups (or gradient across more than groups)...
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrheal illness in children less than 5 years age low- and middle-income nations, whereas it an emerging enteric pathogen industrialized nations. Despite being important diarrhea, little known about the genomic composition ETEC. To address this, we sequenced genomes five ETEC isolates obtained from Guinea-Bissau with diarrhea. These represent distinct globally dominant clonal groups. Comparative analyses utilizing gene-independent...
<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the Indian Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) programme, which integrates improved treatment illness for children with home visits newborn care, to inform its scale-up. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> 18 clusters (population 1.1 million) in Haryana, India. <b>Participants</b> 29 667 births intervention 30 813 control clusters. <b>Intervention</b> Community health workers were trained conduct postnatal women's...
ABSTRACT Estimates of the prevalence Shigella spp. are limited by suboptimal sensitivity current diagnostic and surveillance methods. We used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect in stool samples 3,533 children aged <59 months from Gambia, Mali, Kenya, Bangladesh, with or without moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD). compared results conventional culture those qPCR for ipaH gene. Using MSD as reference standard, we determined optimal cutpoint be 2.9 × 10 4 copies per 100 ng DNA set 1 (...
Data on non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in well described, general population African cohorts is scanty. We report the post-neonatal infant and post-infancy mortality a cohort children Mbale, Eastern Uganda. A community-based prospective study was conducted between January 2006 February 2014. total 819 eligible pregnant women were followed up for pregnancy outcomes survival their to 5 years age. children's status collected from child health cards at multiple visits 3 weeks 7 also...
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) encoding heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) alone or with heat-labile (LT) cause moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in developing country children. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) identified ETEC ST among the top four enteropathogens. Since GEMS objective was to provide evidence guide development and implementation of enteric vaccines other interventions diminish diarrheal disease morbidity mortality, we examined colonization factor...
The association between childhood diarrheal disease and linear growth faltering in developing countries is well described. However, the impact attributed to specific pathogens has not been elucidated, nor of recommended antibiotic treatment.The Global Enteric Multicenter Study enrolled children with moderate severe diarrhea (MSD) seeking healthcare at 7 sites sub-Saharan Africa South Asia. At enrollment, we collected stool samples identify enteropathogens. Length/height was measured...
Intervention trials have shown that zinc is efficacious in treating acute diarrhea children of developing countries. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness and efficacy giving 3 Recommended Daily Allowances elemental to 6- 35-month-old with diarrhea. Methods. Seventeen hundred ninety-two cases Nepalese were randomized 4 study groups. Three groups blinded supplemented daily by field workers placebo syrup, or syrup massive dose vitamin A at enrollment. The...
To study the natural history of rotavirus infection and to determine protection it confers against reinfection diarrhea, 200 newborns in Guinea-Bissau were prospectively followed for up 2 years. Rotavirus was detected stool specimens collected weekly. By age years, incidence primary 74%. In first 3 months life, 17% infections diarrhea associated, compared with 60% at 9–11 months; after 18 months, all asymptomatic. A conferred 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16% 73%) 70% CI, 29% 87%)...
A hospital-based case-control study including 92 children with diarrhea for longer than 14 days and controls without gastrointestinal symptoms was performed to describe the association between excretion of enteric pathogens persistent diarrhea. In patients most frequently isolated stool were enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (19.6%), nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. (17.4%), E. diffuse adherence pattern (7.6%), G. lamblia (7.6%) enterotoxigenic (5.4%). The rates in significantly greater only (P...
Timely vaccination is important to induce adequate protective immunity. We measured timeliness and coverage in three geographical areas South Africa. This study used information from a community-based cluster-randomized trial promoting exclusive breastfeeding African sites (Paarl the Western Cape Province, Umlazi Rietvlei KwaZulu-Natal) between 2006 2008. Five interview visits were carried out birth up 2 years of age (median follow-up time 18 months), 1137 children included analysis....