A major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in January 2009 was the strongest and most prolonged on record. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations are used to provide an overview of dynamics transport during SSW, compare with intense, long‐lasting SSW 2006. The Arctic polar vortex split whereas 2006 a displacement event. Winds reversed easterly more rapidly reverted westerly slowly than More mixing trace gases out decay fragments, less before fulfillment criteria, seen 2006;...

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a highly important role in radiotherapy treatment planning for the segmentation of tumor volumes and organs. However, use MR is limited, owing to its high cost increased metal implants patients. This study aimed towards patients who are contraindicated claustrophobia cardiac pacemakers, many scenarios which only computed tomography (CT) images available, such as emergencies, situations lacking an scanner, obtaining scan prohibitive. From medical...

This paper presents Atmospheric Infra-Red Sounder (AIRS) surface skin temperature anomalies for the period 2003 through 2017, and compares them to station-based analyses of air (principally Goddard Institute Space Studies Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP)). The AIRS instrument flies on EOS Aqua, which was launched in 2002 became stable September 2002. temperatures are completely satellite-based totally independent any surface-based measurements. We show this that can serve as an...

Abstract December through February 2015–2016 defines the warmest winter season over Arctic in observational record. Positive 2 m temperature anomalies were focused regions of reduced sea ice cover Kara and Barents Seas southwestern Alaska. A third region is found ice‐covered central Ocean. The period marked by a strong synoptic pattern which produced melting temperatures close proximity to North Pole late anomalous high pressure near Taymyr Peninsula. Atmospheric teleconnections from...

[1] The vertical structure and evolution of the wintertime annular modes are studied using 6 years geopotential height, carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H2O) data from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder. Northern Hemisphere mode (NAM) Southern (SAM) reveal a strong coupling dynamics in stratosphere mesosphere between 316 hPa (∼9 km) 0.002 (∼90 km). CO is good tracer throughout middle atmosphere, while variable gradients H2O limit regions where it useful as dynamical tracer. maximum NAM SAM (CNAM...

High spatial and temporal variation in precipitation South Korea leads to an increase the frequency duration of drought. In this study, characteristics trends for drought severity time series were analyzed at 55 stations across period 1980–2015. This study also reviewed usefulness different trend tests while addressing issue serial correlation, which has often received less attention previous studies. Results showed that most significant detected along south coast Korea, especially during...

To monitor multiple moving objects from a robot in motion is an essential technology robotic application areas including service and security for human daily life. For this, method to track walking humans using mobile "in motion" with laser range finder (LRF) investigated this paper. Geometric characteristics of legs are considered detect their position the LRF data. Frequency phase extracted pendulum model angle between two extended Kalman filter. The algorithm anticipates humans....

The relationship between leading atmospheric teleconnection patterns and Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) temperature, precipitation, surface mass balance (SMB) are investigated for the last 36 summers (1979–2014) based on Modern-Era Retrospective analysis Research Applications version 2 reanalyses. results indicate that negative phase of both North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Arctic Oscillation, associated with warm dry conditions GrIS, lead to SMB decreases within 0–1 months. Furthermore,...

Abstract Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common finding in cardiovascular diseases, necessitating precise etiological differentiation for tailored treatment strategies. Echocardiography, crucial detecting LVH, often exhibits limited accuracy differentiating LVH etiology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds promise augmenting echocardiographic feature analysis, thereby enhancing assessment. Objectives We aimed to develop an explainable AI algorithm and its etiologies, such...

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) observations play an increasingly important role in monitoring climate changes and numerical weather forecasts the upper troposphere stratosphere. Because magnitudes of RO bending angle are small at these altitudes, quantifying removing residual ionospheric error (RIE) critical to accurately retrieve atmospheric temperature refractivity. Yet, RIEs remain poorly characterized terms global geographical distribution its...

This study investigates the impact of dynamic variability Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar middle atmosphere on ozone hole area. We analyze influence southern annular mode (SAM) and planetary waves (PWs) depletion from 19 years (2005–2023) aura microwave limb sounder (MLS) geopotential height (GPH) measurements. employ empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to decompose GPH into distinct spatial patterns. EOF reveals a strong relationship between first (representing SAM) Antarctic area...

Retreat of Arctic sea ice extent has led to more evaporation over open water in summer and subsequent cloud changes autumn. Studying recent satellite data the Ocean, we find that low (0.5–2 km) cover October been increasing significantly during 2000–2010 Beaufort East Siberian Sea (BESS). This change is consistent with expected boundary layer response accumulated summer. Because clouds have a net warming effect at surface, increases may be responsible for enhanced autumnal surface air...

There are many kinds of façade shading designs which provide optimal indoor daylighting conditions. Thus, considering combinations different types systems is an essential aspect in the optimization building design process. This study explores (1) how pattern and characteristics evaluated by varying their impact on metrics; (2) relative relationships between Daylight Autonomy (DA) Useful Illuminance (UDI) with changes types, input parameters, azimuth orientations. A typical high-school...

This paper gives an overview of August 2004 through February 2010 upper tropospheric (UT) water vapor (H 2 O) and ice content (IWC) from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) comparisons with outputs NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS‐5) data assimilation system. Both MLS GEOS‐5 show that high values H O IWC at 215 to 147 hPa are associated areas deep convection. They exhibit good (within ∼15%) agreement in these altitudes, but is ∼50% (215 hPa) ∼30% (147 larger than values,...

Abstract By analyzing the almost-decade-long record of water vapor measurements from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on NASA Aura satellite and by detailed diagnostic analysis results state-of-the art climate model simulations, this study confirmed conceptual picture interannual variation in equatorial stratospheric discussed earlier papers (e.g., Geller et al.). The anomalies are strongly related to dynamical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), presents first QBO composite time–height...

ABSTRACT The effects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) under negative Arctic AO phase on the Asian dust activity are investigated for springs period 1961–2002. spring index DI describing monthly frequencies three types events (e.g. storm, blowing dust, and floating dust) exhibits a significant increase in years (hereafter −) Niño, compared with that − La Niña. Averaged over all observation stations, (49.7) during Niño/ is higher by 11.4% or 29.8% than (38.3) Niña/ years. We suggest...

A continuous record of direct total solar irradiance (TSI) observations began with a series satellite experiments in 1978. This requires comparisons overlapping adequate relative precisions to provide useful long term TSI trend information. Herein we briefly review the active cavity radiometer monitor physikalisch-meteorologisches observatorium davos (ACRIM-PMOD) composite controversy regarding how has evolved since 1978 and about whether significantly increased or slightly decreased from...

Abstract. This work uses 17 years of upper mesospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and temperature observations by the microwave limb sounder (MLS) on-board Aura satellite to present explain seasonal interannual variability migrating diurnal tide (DW1) component CO. then compares these simulations specified dynamics – whole atmosphere community climate model with ionosphere/thermosphere extension (SD-WACCM-X). Results show that, for all seasons, MLS CO local-time perturbations peaks above 85 km has...

In mid-January 2009, sudden changes in circulation occurred the tropical troposphere and stratosphere. Convective activity situated over equatorial Maritime Continent showed an abrupt weakening, whereas that South American to African sectors became stronger. Changes also latitudinal structure; convective Northern Hemisphere weaker, Southern The change took place association with a circulation, from east–west north–south type (i.e., Walker- Hadley-type circulation). Almost simultaneously...

During the last decade, demand for natural gas has steadily increased prevention of environmental pollution. For this reason, many liquefied (LNG) carriers have been manufactured. Since one most important issues in design LNG is to guarantee structural safety, use low-temperature materials increasing. Among commonly employed materials, nickel steel benefits such as good strength and outstanding corrosion resistance. Accordingly, steels are used storage tanks. However, study fracture...

Abstract The response of the seasonal tropical circulation to an 11-yr solar cycle forcing is studied with Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE, which includes fully interactive atmospheric chemistry. To identify characteristic signals in circulation, model experiments are carried out certain imposed conditions: a doubly amplified and present-day preindustrial greenhouse gases aerosol conditions, mixed layer or coupled dynamic ocean model. In both NCEP reanalysis, humidity...

Vertical structure and evolution of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM), first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) geopotential height anomalies, are constructed from 2005–2009 Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements in entire middle atmosphere between 316 hPa (∼9 km) 0.001 (∼90 km). This is report NAM extending into mesosphere. The mode appears to be robust it accounts for up 70% middle‐atmospheric variance before decreasing upper vertical connection modes suggests...

In the field of urban environment analysis research, image segmentation technology that groups important objects in landscape pixel units has been subject increased attention. However, since a dataset consisting huge amount and label pairs is required to utilize this technology, most cases, model trained with having similar characteristics used for analysis, as result, quality poor. To overcome limitation, we propose hybrid leverage strengths each predicting specific classes. particular,...

Mechanisms by which small changes in the sun's energy output during solar cycle can cause weather and climate have been a puzzle subject of intense research recent decades. Here we report that differences surface circulation conditions maximum minimum periods are caused frequencies with perturbations stratosphere reach surface. A much greater fraction stratospheric penetrate to than conditions. This difference is more striking when zonal wind direction tropics from west: no signals...