A5004255417- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Frailty in Older Adults
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Washington University in St. Louis
2015-2025
Jewish Hospital
2016
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
2010-2016
University of Missouri
2010-2011
Yale University
2010
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
2010
Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences
2006-2010
National Institute on Drug Abuse
2010
VA Connecticut Healthcare System
2010
SRI International
2005-2008
Group functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies have documented reliable changes in human brain maturity over development. Here we show that support vector machine-based multivariate pattern analysis extracts sufficient information from fcMRI data to make accurate predictions about individuals' across The use of only 5 minutes resting-state 238 scans typically developing volunteers (ages 7 30 years) allowed prediction individual as a maturation index. resultant curve...
Hubs integrate and distribute information in powerful ways due to the number positioning of their contacts a network. Several resting-state functional connectivity MRI reports have implicated regions default mode system as brain hubs; we demonstrate that previous degree-based approaches hub identification may identified portions large systems rather than critical nodes networks. We utilize two methods identify hub-like regions: (1) finding network participate multiple subnetworks brain, (2)...
Several studies have reported that female smokers a higher risk of lung cancer than male smokers. This could be related to sex differences in nicotine metabolism and smoking behavior. study tested the hypothesis women metabolize more rapidly men that, among women, oral contraceptive users nonusers contraceptives.Two hundred seventy-eight healthy volunteers who were twins 16 siblings twins, recruited from Northern California Twin Registry, received an infusion deuterium-labeled cotinine with...
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided converging descriptions of group-level brain organization. Recent work revealed that networks identified in individuals contain local features differ from the description. We define these as network variants. Building on studies, we ask whether distributions variants reflect stable, trait-like differences Across several datasets highly-sampled show 1) are highly stable within individuals, 2) found characteristic...
Background and Objective The liver enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of nicotine. Variants in CYP2A6 gene have been associated with altered nicotine effects on smoking behavior. Our objective was to determine relationship between variant genotypes disposition administered intravenously. Methods Intravenous infusions deuterium-labeled cotinine were 278 healthy twin volunteers, most whom white. They genotyped CYP2A6*1, CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7,...
Twenty-five percent inhaled nitrous oxide improves symptoms of treatment-resistant major depression with fewer adverse effects than the 50% concentration.
The trajectory of cortical gray matter development in childhood has been characterized by early neurogenesis and volume increase, peaking at puberty followed selective elimination myelination, resulting loss thinning. This inverted U-shaped trajectory, as well thickness, associated with cognitive emotional function. Synaptic pruning-based decline related to experience-dependent plasticity animals. To date, there have no data inform whether how depression might be this trajectory.To examine...
Public Health Implications of Rising Marijuana Use in Pregnancy an Age Increasing Legalization—Reply
Objectives The ratio of trans-3′hydroxycotinine/cotinine (3HC/COT) is a marker CYP2A6 activity, an important determinant nicotine metabolism. This analysis sought to conduct combined genetic epidemiologic and pharmacogenetic investigation the 3HC/COT in plasma urine. Methods One hundred thirty-nine twin pairs [110 monozygotic 29 dizygotic] underwent 30-min infusion stable isotope-labelled its major metabolite, cotinine, followed by 8-h in-hospital stay. Blood urine samples were taken at...
Abstract Genome‐wide model free linkage analysis was conducted for nicotine dependence and tobacco use phenotypes in 607 members of 158 nuclear families consisting at least two ever smokers (100 or more cigarettes smoked lifetime). DNA from whole blood genotyped 739 autosomal microsatellite polymorphisms with an average inter‐marker distance 4.6 cM. A peak LOD score 2.7 observed on chromosome 6 scores the Fagerström Test Nicotine Dependence. Exploratory analyses were to determine whether...
Retrospective assessment of tobacco use underlies much the data collected in epidemiological and genetic research. Although individuals are asked to report lifetime for periods spanning months decades, test-retest reliability intervals instruments often span only a few weeks several months. The present analyses examined retrospective measures, including details first use, circumstances initial subjective reactions. questions were part Lifetime Tobacco Use Questionnaire (LTUQ), Web-based...
Based on multi-domain classification of Parkinson disease (PD) subtypes, we sought to determine the key features that best differentiate subtypes and utility PD predict clinical milestones.
Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of genetic versus environmental influences on smoking initiation (SI) and persistence (SP). Methods: Native California twins (32,359 pairs), who completed a questionnaire in 1992 or 1998 to 2001, were studied. Standard epidemiologic analyses conducted using multiple logistic regression biometric models factors related phenotype. Results: The strongest influence SI was having co-twin ever smoked; adjusted odds ratio 9.7 [95% confidence limits (CL),...
ABSTRACT Aims The gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor A ( GABRA ) gene clusters on chromosomes 4 and 5 have been examined previously for their association with alcohol drug dependence phenotypes. Compelling evidence suggests that GABRA2 is associated dependence. However, no study has investigated whether genes in the GABA are nicotine dependence, an important phenotype a high correlation to persistent smoking, single most preventable cause of mortality world‐wide. Design Using data 1050...
This project studied the convergent validity of current recall tobacco-related health behaviors, compared with prospective self-report collected earlier at two sites. Cohorts were from Oregon Research Institute Eugene (N = 346, 19.5 years earlier) and University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 294, 3.9 earlier). Current was examined through computer-assisted interviews Lifetime Tobacco Use Questionnaire 2005 2008. Convergent estimates demonstrated variability. Validity some tobacco use measures...
Retrospectively collected data about the development and maintenance of behaviors that impact health are a valuable source information. Establishing reliability retrospective measures is necessary step in determining utility methodology studying context risk protective factors.The goal this study was to examine self-report specific health-affecting behavior, tobacco use, its associated factors as examined with Web-based questionnaire.Core use behavior questions Lifetime Tobacco Use...
Journal Article Adolescent Smoking Trajectories and Nicotine Dependence Get access Christina N. Lessov-Schlaggar, Ph.D., Ph.D. Wangshington UniversitySt. Louis, MO Correspondence: Washington University School of Medicine, Department Psychiatry, 4560 Clayton Ave, Suite 1000, Saint 63110, USA. Tel: +1 (314) 747-1450; Fax: 286-2213; E-mail: Christina@matlock.wustl.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hyman Hops, Oregon Research InstituteEugene, OR...