A5016464832- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Laser Design and Applications
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Energetic Materials and Combustion
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2015-2025
Philipps University of Marburg
2024
Georg Speyer Haus
2023
Boston College
2023
Computational Physics (United States)
2011-2021
University of Rochester
2017-2020
Energetics (United States)
2017-2020
Eastern Virginia Medical School
2020
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2004-2017
CEA DAM Île-de-France
2017
Activation of the NF-kappa B/Rel family transcription factors is regulated by a cytoplasmic inhibitor, I kappa B alpha. Activity alpha in turn modulated phosphorylation and proteolysis. It has been postulated that leads to its dissociation from B, free targeted for rapid degradation. However, this phosphorylation-mediated event not demonstrated vivo. We demonstrate that, contrary hypothesis, induced tumor necrosis factor HeLa cells does induce dissociation. propose model which (i) result...
A record fuel hot-spot pressure ${P}_{\mathrm{hs}}=56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Gbar}$ was inferred from x-ray and nuclear diagnostics for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion cryogenic, layered deuterium--tritium implosions on the 60-beam, 30-kJ, 351-nm OMEGA Laser System. When hydrodynamically scaled to energy of National Ignition Facility, these achieved a Lawson parameter $\ensuremath{\sim}60%$ value required ignition [A. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E 94,...
Programmed cell death regulates a number of biological phenomena, and the apoptotic signal must itself be tightly controlled to avoid inappropriate death. We established genetic screen search for molecules that inhibit from Fas receptor. Here we report isolation gene, LFG, protects cells uniquely but not mechanistically related tumor necrosis factor α signal. LFG is widely distributed, remarkably highly expressed in hippocampus. can bind receptor, does regulate expression or interfere with...
We report here that the major kappa B-binding complex in murine mature B cells is composed of a p50-Rel heterodimer, whereas inducible form pre-B p50-p65 heterodimer. Treatment pre-B-cell line with lipopolysaccharide changes subunit composition complexes from to p50-Rel. This change preceded by enhanced Rel expression and correlates gene for immunoglobin light chain. The heterodimeric binds intronic enhancer-kappa site immunoglobulin chain at least 20-fold more stably than does dimer. These...
Fusion fast ignition (FI) initiated by laser-driven ion beams is a promising concept examined in this paper. FI based on beam of quasi-monoenergetic ions (protons or heavier ions) has the advantage more localized energy deposition, which minimizes required total energy, bringing it close to ≈10 kJ minimum for fuel densities ∼500 g cm −3 . High-current, are most purpose. Because they born neutralized picosecond timescales, these may deliver power density ignite compressed DT fuel, ∼10 kJ/10...
A multi-laboratory collaborative effort is currently exploring the feasibility of laser direct drive liquid deuterium–tritium (DT) wetted foam inertial confinement fusion concepts being considered for novel neutron sources on National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser. In contrast to indirect approach that recently demonstrated ignition in laboratory, these also offer potential multi-MJ yields but with less damaging drives, improved robustness target and imperfections, enhanced facility fielding...
A new class of inertial fusion capsules is presented that combines multishell targets with laser direct drive at low intensity (2.8×10^{14} W/cm^{2}) to achieve robust ignition. The consist three concentric, heavy, metal shells, enclosing a volume tens μg liquid deuterium-tritium fuel. Ignition designed occur well "upstream" from stagnation, minimal pusher deceleration mitigate interface Rayleigh-Taylor growth. Laser intensities below thresholds for plasma instability and cross beam energy...
In-line spatial holographic methods are used to image the optical diffraction patterns of ultrafast laser produced plasma filaments in air. Using femtosecond pump-probe filament is and subsequently probed by a time-delayed probe beam traversing at right angle. The resulting recorded as pattern on charge coupled device camera diffracted due index change caused filament. Extraction electron density down 1016 cm−3 obtained using Helmholtz wave equation propagation model simulate data. By...
A harmonic-generation mechanism that relies on the coupling modulation between an electron orbit and electromagnetic mode is proposed. Applications of this to harmonic generation in linearly polarized free-electron lasers predicts emission even-harmonic radiation forward direction primarily ${\mathrm{TEM}}_{01}$ mode.
Reaction history measurements, such as nuclear bang time and burn width, are fundamental components of diagnosing ICF implosions will be employed to help steer the National Ignition Facility (NIF) towards ignition. Fusion gammas provide a direct measure interaction rate (unlike x-rays) without being compromised by Doppler spreading neutrons). Gas Cherenkov Detectors that convert fusion gamma rays UV/visible photons for collection fast optical recording systems have established their...
We present the first observations of focused multi-MeV carbon ion beams generated using ultra-intense shortpulse laser interactions with thin hemispherical (400μm radius) targets. The experiments were performed at Trident facility (80 J, 0.6 ps, 2×1020W/cm2) Los Alamos National Laboratory and Omega EP (extended performance) (1 kJ, 10 5×1018W/cm2) for Laser Energetics. targets chemical vapor deposition diamond, hemi-shells heated to remove contaminants. beam focusing was characterized by...
Temporally, spatially, and spectrally resolved x-ray image data from direct-drive implosions on OMEGA were interpreted with the aid of radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. Neither clean calculations nor those using a turbulent mix model can explain fully observed migration shell-dopant material (titanium) into core. Shell-dopant was via time-dependent, spatially integrated spectra, images capsule resultant dopant emissions. The titanium emission centrally peaked in narrowband images. In...
The first simulations employing a kinetic treatment of both fuel and shell ions to model inertial confinement fusion experiments are presented, including results showing the importance physics processes in altering burn. A pair direct drive capsule implosions performed at OMEGA facility with two different gas fills deuterium, tritium, helium-3 analyzed. During implosion shock convergence, highly non-Maxwellian ion velocity distributions separations density temperature amongst species...
Omega EP is capable of producing 1000 J in 10 ps and currently the most energetic short-pulse laser world. The performance terms proton beam energies compared with other systems worldwide at similar intensities. results are discussed context these lasers empirical ∼ 60 MeV barrier, which has existed since discovery forward laser-accelerated protons 2000 [1–2].
This paper describes the development of a platform to study astrophysically relevant nuclear reactions using inertial-confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA and National Ignition Facility laser facilities, with particular focus optimizing charged-particle-producing reactions. Primary requirements are high yield, for statistics in product measurements, combined low areal density, allow charged products escape. is optimally achieved direct-drive exploding pusher thin-glass-shell capsules....
In deuterium-filled inertial confinement fusion implosions, the secondary processes D(3He,p)4He and D(T,n)4He occur, as primary products 3He T react in flight with thermal deuterons. implosions moderate fuel areal density (∼5–100 mg/cm2), D-3He reaction saturates, while D-T does not, combined information from these is used to constrain both either plasma electron temperature or changes composition due mix of shell material into fuel. The underlying theory this technique developed applied...
We report direct experimental evidence of interspecies ion separation in direct-drive, inertial-confinement-fusion experiments on the OMEGA laser facility. These experiments, which used plastic capsules with D$_2$/Ar gas fill (1% Ar by atom), were designed specifically to reveal exploiting predicted, strong thermo-diffusion between species large mass and charge difference. Via detailed analyses imaging x-ray-spectroscopy data, we extract Ar-atom-fraction radial profiles at different times,...
Harmonics are generated in free-electron lasers as a result of the nonuniform axial motion electrons. These motions can be manipulated through addition harmonic wiggler fields. A mathematical formalism is developed that describes effects fields on fundamental and coupling coefficients. An examination how these used to alter power output laser conducted.
An Eulerian code with a turbulent mix model is used to set of plastic (CH) ablator capsules and without equatorial grooves. The “perfect” capsule results were calibrate simulations grooves different depths that provided information on increasingly perturbed implosions. Simulations turbulence able calculate the same yield over (YOM) ratio (experiment/mix simulation) 0.2 0.3 for thin (8-μm thick) thick shell (15-μm no shallow When have deep grooves, YOM increases greater than unity, probably...
We propose a new approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) that could potentially lead ignition and propagating thermonuclear burn at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The proposal is based upon combination of two concepts, referred as polar direct drive liquid deuterium–tritium wetted foam capsules. With this concept, 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations indicate ICF are possible with laser power energy capabilities available today on NIF.
Experiments were performed to develop a platform for the simultaneous measurement of mix and its effects on fusion burn. Two polar direct drive implosions all-plastic capsules conducted first time National Ignition Facility (NIF). To measure implosion trajectory symmetry, area image backlighting these was also employed NIF, an advance over previous 1-D slit imaging experiments, providing detailed symmetry data as they imploded. The low-mode asymmetry seen in resultant radiographs agreed with...
Experiments performed at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics with a continuous-wave (cw) x-ray source and on OMEGA EP Systems [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997) Waxer Photonics News 16, 30 (2005)] have utilized Fresnel zone plate (FZP) to obtain images spatial resolution as small ∼1.5 μm. Such FZP were obtained charge-coupled device or framing camera energies ranging from 4.5 keV 6.7 using line emission both cw high-intensity, laser-beam–illuminated metal foils. In all cases, test...
Hot-spot shape and electron temperature (Te) are key performance metrics used to assess the efficiency of converting shell kinetic energy into hot-spot thermal in inertial confinement fusion implosions. X-ray penumbral imaging offers a means diagnose Te, where latter can be as surrogate measure ion (Ti) sufficiently equilibrated hot spots. We have implemented new x-ray imager on OMEGA. demonstrate minimal line-of-sight variations inferred Te for set Furthermore, we spatially resolved...