A5039651308- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Escherichia coli research studies
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Animal health and immunology
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Gut microbiota and health
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Heat shock proteins research
Case Western Reserve University
2022-2025
University School
2022-2025
Center for Global Health
2022-2025
Duke University
2021-2022
The Ohio State University
2015-2022
International Vaccine Institute
2021
Duke Medical Center
2020-2021
Duke University Hospital
2021
Center for Human Genetics
2021
Virginia Tech
2015-2016
Transmission-blocking strategies that slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and protect against disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed. We have developed an orally delivered adenovirus type 5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate expresses spike protein. Here, we demonstrated hamsters vaccinated by oral or intranasal route had robust cross-reactive antibody responses. then induced a postvaccination infection inoculating with SARS-CoV-2. Orally...
Abstract Rotavirus (RV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role modulating host–pathogen interactions, but little is known about the impact of commonly used probiotics on human RV (HRV) infection. In this study, we compared immunomodulatory effects Gram-positive (Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG [LGG]) Gram-negative (Escherichia coli Nissle [EcN]) probiotic bacteria virulent rotavirus (VirHRV) infection immunity...
For decades, scientists have used column chromatography to purify an array of analytes. The same system has also been deployed for the isolation and purification antibodies increase sensitivity specificity detection assays such as western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry. However, even with combination these modalities specific developed in response treatment, like vaccination, remains difficult due physiological differences among species, sample types...
During pregnancy, the maternal immune response changes dramatically over course of gestation. This has implications for generation lactogenic immunity and subsequent protection in suckling neonates against enteric viral infections. For example, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alphacoronavirus that causes acute neonatal piglets. Due to high virulence PEDV naïve, immature system piglets, passive induced during via gut-mammary gland (MG)-secretory IgA (sIgA) axis, critical piglet...
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants; particularly developing countries where malnutrition prevalent. Malnutrition perturbs the infant gut microbiota leading to sub-optimal functioning immune system and further predisposing infants enteric infections. Therefore, we hypothesized that exacerbates disease severity infants.In present study, used neonatal germ free (GF) piglets transplanted with two-month-old human infant's fecal (HIFM) on protein deficient...
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a gram-positive lactic acid bacterium, is one of the most widely used probiotics; while fewer gram-negative probiotics including Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) are characterized. A mechanistic understanding their individual and interactive effects on human rotavirus (HRV) immunity lacking. In this study, noncolonized, EcN-, LGG-, EcN + LGG-colonized neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were challenged with HRV. colonization associated greater protection...
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes in all ages of pigs with 50–100% mortality rates neonatal piglets. In the United States, inactivated and subunit PEDV vaccines for pregnant sows are available, but fail to induce sufficient protection piglets farrowed from naïve sows. A safe efficacious live attenuated vaccine that can prime mucosal immune responses is urgently needed. this study, we evaluated safety efficacy two candidates, emerging non-S INDEL strain PC22A at 100th cell culture...
Rotavirus (RV) vaccine efficacy is significantly reduced in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. This review summarizes current research into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, with a particular focus on evidence that maternal antibody (matAb) interference contributing factor disparity. All RV vaccines currently use are orally administered, live-attenuated virus replicate infant gut, which leaves their potentially impacted by both placentally...
Currently available SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics are targeted toward moderately to severely ill patients and require intravenous infusions, with limited options for exposed or infected no mild symptoms. Although vaccines have demonstrated protective efficacy, vaccine hesitancy logistical distribution challenges will delay their ability end the pandemic. Hence, there is a need rapidly translatable, easy-to-administer-therapeutics that can prevent disease progression, when administered in early...
Abstract Zoonotic transmission of avian influenza viruses into mammals is relatively rare due to anatomical differences in the respiratory tract between species. Recently, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 were detected circulating North American cattle. Sporadic cattle, humans, and other animals proximal cattle or after consuming products from infected has occurred, but thus far there no evidence human-to-human transmission. However, virus potential adapt mammalian with every event that...
Dimeric IgA (dIgA) is the dominant antibody in many mucosal tissues. It actively transported onto surfaces as secretory (sIgA) which plays an integral role protection against enteric pathogens, particularly young children. Therapeutic strategies that deliver engineered, potently neutralizing antibodies directly into infant intestine through breast milk could provide enhanced antimicrobial for neonates. Here, we developed a murine model of maternal protective transfer human rotavirus (RV)...
ABSTRACT Stephanie Langel works in the field of breast milk immunity and maternal-neonatal health. In this mSphere Influence article, she reflects on how three pivotal papers—Roux et al. (J Exp Med 146:1311–1322, 1977, https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.146.5.1311 ), Wilson Butcher 200:805–809, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041069 Rogier (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:3074–3079, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315792111 )—made an impact her by uncovering critical pathways mechanisms through...
Asplenia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. However, there are only very rare examples this condition reported domesticated species. Here we present a case asplenia, diagnosed at necropsy, crossbred adult female pig from influenza vaccine study. The humoral antibody response, including immune response to A virus vaccine, was characterized compared parity-matched the same profiles, lower total IgM with similar levels IgG, were remarkably those described human patients...
Malnutrition affects millions of children in developing countries, compromising immunity and contributing to increased rates death from infectious diseases. Rotavirus is a major etiological agent childhood diarrhea where malnutrition prevalent. However, the interactions between two their combined effects on immune intestinal functions are poorly understood. In this study, we used neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs transplanted with fecal microbiota healthy 2-month-old infant (HIFM) fed...
Malnutrition leads to increased morbidity and is evident in almost half of all deaths children under the age 5 years. Mortality due rotavirus diarrhea common developing countries where malnutrition prevalent; however, relationship between infection remains unclear. In this study, gnotobiotic pigs transplanted with fecal microbiota a healthy 2-month-old infant were fed protein-sufficient or -deficient diets infected virulent human (HRV). After infection, protein-deficient had decreased...
Low efficacy of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing African and Asian countries, where malnutrition is prevalent, remains a major concern challenge for global health.To understand the effects protein on RV vaccine efficacy, we elucidated innate, T cell cytokine immune responses to attenuated human (AttHRV) virulent (VirHRV) germ-free (GF) pigs or infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) transplanted gnotobiotic (Gn) fed protein-deficient -sufficient bovine milk diets. We also analyzed serum levels...
Vitamin A (VA) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system and is critical for mucosal function intestinal lymphocyte trafficking. We hypothesized that oral VA supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pregnant gilts would enhance gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA axis to boost lactogenic immunity passive protection nursing piglets against PEDV challenge. Gilts received daily retinyl acetate (30 000 IU) starting at gestation day 76 throughout lactation. At 3-4 weeks...