A5001397343- Respiratory viral infections research
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- RNA modifications and cancer
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Sulfur Compounds in Biology
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
2019-2025
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2024-2025
Tarleton State University
2019
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important etiological agent of respiratory infection in children for which no specific treatment option available. The RSV virion contains two surface glycoproteins (F and G) that are vital the initial phases infection, making them critical targets therapeutics. Recent studies have identified broad-spectrum antiviral properties silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against pathogens, such as adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza. AgNPs achieve this by attaching...
The antioxidant defense system plays a major function in protecting the organism against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. COVID-19 patients often present with biochemical characteristics of uncontrolled pro-oxidative responses respiratory tract.
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the outermost layer of retina, provides essential support to both neural retina and choroid. Additionally, RPE is highly active in modulating functions immune cells such as microglia, which migrate subretinal compartment during aging age-related degeneration. Recently, studies have highlighted important roles microRNA (miRNA) coordination general tissue maintenance well chronic inflammatory conditions. In this study, we analyzed miRNA profiles...
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants emerged in 2022 with >30 novel amino acid mutations the spike protein alone. While most studies focus on receptor binding domain changes, C-terminus of S1 (CTS1), adjacent to furin cleavage site, have largely been ignored. In this study, we examined three CTS1: H655Y, N679K, and P681H. Generating a triple mutant (YKH), found that increased processing, consistent prior reports for H655Y P681H individually. Next, generated single N679K mutant, finding...
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription that enable cells to adapt low-oxygen environments. Viruses can exploit this pathway enhance infection, making HIF modulation a potential antiviral strategy. In previous in vitro studies, we found respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stabilizes HIFs under normoxic conditions with inhibition of HIF-1α reducing replication. Despite several HIF-modulating compounds being tested or approved other non-infectious models, little is known about their...
Abstract Zoonotic transmission of avian influenza viruses into mammals is relatively rare due to anatomical differences in the respiratory tract between species. Recently, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 were detected circulating North American cattle. Sporadic cattle, humans, and other animals proximal cattle or after consuming products from infected has occurred, but thus far there no evidence human-to-human transmission. However, virus potential adapt mammalian with every event that...
Metabolic reprogramming of host cells is key to the foundation a successful viral infection. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate oxygen utilization by regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis. Under normoxic conditions, HIF proteins are synthesized subsequently degraded following ubiquitination allow for normal metabolic activities. Recent studies suggest that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has ability induce HIF-1α stabilization accumulation through non-hypoxic...
Abstract The most recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza (HPAI) virus in cattle is now widespread across the U.S. with spillover events happening to other mammals, including humans. Several human cases have been reported clinical signs ranging from conjunctivitis respiratory illness. However, those infected report mild moderate symptoms, while previously HPAI H5Nx infections humans had mortality rates upwards 50%. We recently that mice pre-existing immunity A/Puerto...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Although some clinical studies have speculated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α a major contributor RSV-mediated airway disease, experimental evidence remains unclear or conflicting. TNF-α initiates inflammation cell death through two distinct receptors: TNF-receptor (TNFR)1 TNFR2. Here we delineate function by short-lasting blockade either receptor an BALB/c mouse model RSV infection. We...
RSV and SARS-CoV-2 are prone to co-infection with other respiratory viruses. In this study, we use RSV/SARS-CoV-2 evaluate changes clinical disease viral replication in vivo. To consider the severity of infection, effect sequential impact infection timing, mice were co-infected varying doses timing. Compared a single or SARS-CoV-2, primary followed by results protection from SARS-CoV-2-induced reduces replication. Co-infection also augmented at early timepoints only low dose. Additionally,...
Abstract In March 2024, there was the first reported outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in dairy cows United States. Since then, have been several spillover events to cats, poultry, and humans. Multiple reports discovered infectious raw milk from infected cows. Infectious can also last over period on milking machine surfaces as potential route spread cattle contamination milk. While U.S. Food Drug Administration has cleared commercial pasteurized...
Viruses interact with numerous host factors to facilitate viral replication and dampen antiviral defense mechanisms. We currently have a limited mechanistic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 binds the functional role these interactions. Here, we uncover novel interaction between NSP3 protein fragile X mental retardation proteins (FMRPs: FMR1 FXR1-2). mutant viruses preventing FMRP binding attenuated
Abstract Hypoxia-inducible-factors (HIF) are transcription factors that regulate cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions, enabling cells survive in low-oxygen environments. Viruses have evolved activate this pathway promote successful viral infection, therefore modulation of HIFs could represent a novel antiviral strategy. In previous vitro studies, we found respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), leading cause illness, stabilizes under normoxic with inhibition HIF-1α resulting reduced...
Abstract While the anti-viral/protective role of interferon type I (IFN-I) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in naturally acquired RSV infections remains controversial, human animal studies suggest existence a cross-regulation between these two innate pathways, which may contribute to disease airway inflammation characteristics this infection. In study, we investigated IFN-I:TNF-α axis mouse model infection, provides robust experimental evidence clinical disease, bronchoconstriction viral...
Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness in young children. Two cytokines key to RSV pathogenesis are tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and type-I interferon (IFN-I). Using a dual receptor antibody blockade IFNAR1 with either TNFR1 or TNFR2, we previously reported that IFN-I TNF-a synergistically contribute clinical disease while also controlling peak lung viral replication RSV-infected Balb/c mice. The objective current study was...