Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production vitro and oxidative injury lungs vivo; however, mechanism RSV-induced cellular has not been investigated. Therefore, we determined whether RSV airway epithelial cells modified expression and/or activities antioxidant enzymes (AOE). A549 cells, a human alveolar type II-like cell line, small (SAE) normal derived from...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract illness in children United States and worldwide. RSV infection airway epithelial cells induces formation reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production mediates expression cytokines chemokines involved immune/inflammatory responses lung. In this study, we have investigated role ROS RSV-induced signal transducers activators transcription (STAT) activation interferon regulatory factor (IRF) gene human cells....

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection in infants, as well the elderly and immunocompromised patients. No effective treatment or vaccine for hMPV currently available. A recombinant lacking G protein (rhMPV-Delta G) was recently developed potential candidate shown to be attenuated rodent model infection. The mechanism its attenuation, role modulation hMPV-induced cellular responses vitro, vivo, unknown. In this study, we found that rhMPV-Delta...

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of tract infections in infants, inhibits type I interferon (IFN)-dependent signalling, as well IFN synthesis. RSV non-structural protein NS1 plays significant role this inhibition; however, the mechanism(s) responsible is not fully known. The transcription factor regulatory (IRF)-3 essential for viral-induced IFN-β In study, we found that IRF-3-dependent gene constitutively active IRF-3 overexpressing cells, demonstrating directly...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part, through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis infected airway epithelial cells. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted) is a CC which recruits activates monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, all cell types present the lung inflammatory infiltrate induced by RSV infection. In this study we investigated role of reactive oxygen species induction gene expression human type II...

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription that enable cells to adapt low-oxygen environments. Viruses can exploit this pathway enhance infection, making HIF modulation a potential antiviral strategy. In previous in vitro studies, we found respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stabilizes HIFs under normoxic conditions with inhibition of HIF-1α reducing replication. Despite several HIF-modulating compounds being tested or approved other non-infectious models, little is known about their...

Human metapneumovirus, a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes small hydrophobic (SH) protein unknown function. In this study, we showed that infection airway epithelial cells or mice with recombinant human metapneumovirus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-DeltaSH) enhanced secretion proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8, encoded by two NF-kB-dependent genes, compared to wild-type rhMPV. RhMPV-DeltaSH resulted gene transcription increased...

Abstract Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in children adults. Recent work from our group demonstrated that hMPV G glycoprotein an important virulence factor, responsible for inhibiting innate immune responses airway epithelial cells. Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs play role initiating modulating the adaptive responses. In this study, we found TLR4 plays hMPV-induced activation monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), as...

Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES) is a member of the CC chemokine family proteins implicated in variety diseases characterized by lung eosinophilia inflammation, strongly produced stimulated airway epithelial cells. Because such cytokines as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interferon-γ (IFN-γ) have been shown to enhance RANTES induction cells gene expression appears be differentially regulated depending type stimulus applied, this study we...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants young children worldwide. In previous investigations, we have shown that RSV infection induces rapid generation reactive oxygen species (ROS), which modulate viral-induced cellular signaling, downregulation antioxidant enzyme (AOE) expression, resulting in oxidative stress vitro vivo, plays a pathogenetic role RSV-induced lung disease. this study, determined whether pharmacological...

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type I interferon (IFN) signaling by an unidentified mechanism. In this study, we showed that infection airway epithelial cells with hMPV decreased cellular level Janus tyrosine kinase (Jak1) and 2 (Tyk2), due to enhanced proteosomal degradation reduced gene transcription. addition, also the surface expression IFN receptor (IFNAR). These inhibitory mechanisms are different from ones employed...

Airway epithelial cells represent the primary cell target of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. They actively participate in lung immune/inflammatory response that follows RSV infection by expressing chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines recruit and activate leukocytes. Regulated on activation, normal T expressed, presumably secreted (RANTES) is a member CC chemokine subfamily strongly for lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, types are present or activated inflammatory...

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently identified RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. It common cause of respiratory tract infections in children, adults, and immunocompromised patients, for which no specific treatment or vaccine available. Recent investigations our lab hMPV glycoprotein G as an important virulence factor, recombinant lacking protein (rhMPV-ΔG) exhibited enhanced production immune antiviral mediators, such cytokines, chemokines type I interferon (IFN)...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe respiratory illness in infants, immunocompromised, and older adults. Despite its burden, no vaccine or specific treatment is available. RSV infection associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degradation of the transcription factor nuclear erythroid 2-related 2 (NRF2), decreased antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), leading to oxidative damage lung injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) an endogenous gaseous molecule that plays a...

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding (sncRNAs) of about 26–32 nucleotides in length and represent the largest class sncRNA molecules expressed animal cells. piRNAs have been shown to play a crucial role safeguard genome, maintaining genome complexity integrity, as they suppress insertional mutations caused by transposable elements. However, there is growing evidence for controlling gene expression somatic cells well. Little known changes piRNA possible function occurring...

The dysregulated ERK and RB pathways often coexist in melanoma cells. K-type human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K) is implicated melanomagenesis. Some of the phenotypes that are modified by HERV-K (e.g., changes cell shape, melanin production, anchorage-dependent growth) overlap with those regulated pathways. As signaling can regulate retroviruses, we hypothesized expression controlled ERK-RB We found levels GAG EVE correlated activation loss p16INK4A inhibition MEK or CDK4, especially...