A5088787312- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Gene expression and cancer classification
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases
- Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Virginia Tech
2014-2024
Biocom
2016-2022
Molecular Sciences Software Institute
2011
Harvard University Press
2003
Effector proteins secreted by oomycete and fungal pathogens have been inferred to enter host cells, where they interact with resistance gene products. Using the effector protein Avr1b of Phytophthora sojae, an pathogen soybean (Glycine max), we show that a pair sequence motifs, RXLR dEER, plus surrounding sequences, are both necessary sufficient deliver into plant cells. Particle bombardment experiments demonstrate these motifs function in absence pathogen, indicating no additional...
Abstract The genome of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae contains nearly 400 genes encoding candidate effector proteins carrying host cell entry motif RXLR-dEER. Here, we report a broad survey transcription, variation, and functions large sample P. effectors. Forty-five (12%) showed high levels polymorphism among isolates significant evidence for positive selection. Of 169 effectors tested, most could suppress programmed death triggered by BAX, effectors, and/or PAMP INF1, while...
Abstract The sequenced genomes of oomycete plant pathogens contain large superfamilies effector proteins containing the protein translocation motif RXLR-dEER. However, contributions these effectors to pathogenicity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Phytophthora sojae Avr1b can contribute positively virulence and suppress programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by mouse BAX in yeast, soybean (Glycine max), Nicotiana benthamiana cells. We identify three conserved motifs (K, W, Y) C...
Plants have evolved pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered (ETI) to protect themselves from infection by diverse pathogens. Avirulence (Avr) effectors that trigger plant ETI as a result of recognition resistance (R) gene products been identified in many pathogenic oomycetes fungi. However, the virulence functions oomycete fungal Avr remain largely unknown. Here, we combined bioinformatics genetics identify Avr3b, new Phytophthora sojae,...
The importance of segmental duplications and copy number variants as a source genetic phenotypic variation is gaining greater appreciation, in variety organisms. Now, we have identified the Phytophthora sojae avirulence genes Avr1a Avr3a demonstrate how each these Avr display different strains P. sojae. locus tandem array four near-identical copies 5.2 kb DNA segment. Two encoding are deleted some strains, causing changes virulence. In other differences transcription result gain For Avr3a,...
Background Effector proteins of biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes are delivered into host cells play important roles in both disease development resistance response. How obligate fungal pathogen effectors enter is poorly understood. The Ps87 gene Puccinia striiformis encodes a protein that conserved diverse pathogens. homologs from clade containing rust predicted to be secreted. aim this study test whether may act as an effector during infection. Methodology/Principal Findings...
Abstract An abnormal chromosome number, a condition known as aneuploidy, is ubiquitous feature of cancer cells. A number studies have shown that aneuploidy impairs cellular fitness. However, there also evidence can arise in response to specific challenges and confer selective advantage under certain environmental stresses. Cancer cells are likely exposed challenging conditions arising within the tumor microenvironment. To investigate whether may cells, we employed controlled experimental...
Oomycetes such as Phytophthora sojae employ effector proteins that enter plant cells to facilitate infection. Entry of some is mediated by RxLR motifs in the effectors and phosphoinositides (PIP) resident host plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). Recent reports differ regarding regions on involved PIP recognition. We have structurally functionally characterized P. effector, avirulence homolog-5 (Avh5). Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we...
Signaling pathways are a cornerstone of systems biology. Several databases store high-quality representations these that amenable for automated analyses. Despite painstaking and manual curation, remain incomplete. We present PATHLINKER, new computational method to reconstruct the interactions in signaling pathway interest. PATHLINKER efficiently computes multiple short paths from receptors transcriptional regulators (TRs) within background protein interaction network. use accurately...
At least 12 avirulence genes have been genetically identified and mapped in Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen causing root stem rot of soybean. Previously, the Avr4 Avr6 P. sojae were within a 24 kb interval genome. Here, we identify show that they are actually single gene, Avr4/6, located near 24-kb region. Avr4/6 encodes secreted protein 123 amino acids with RXLR-dEER translocation motif. Transient expression soybean leaves revealed its gene product could trigger hypersensitive...
The perception of Phytophthora sojae avirulence (Avr) gene products by corresponding soybean resistance (Rps) causes effector triggered immunity. Past studies have shown that the Avr3a and Avr5 genes P. are genetically linked, encoding a secreted RXLR protein was recently identified. We now provide evidence allelic. Genetic mapping data from F2 progeny indicates co-segregate, haplotype analysis strain collections reveal sequence transcriptional polymorphisms consistent with single genetic...
Summary The avirulence gene AvrLm4–7 of Leptosphaeria maculans , the causal agent stem canker in Brassica napus (oilseed rape), confers a dual specificity recognition by two resistance genes ( Rlm4 and Rlm7 ) is strongly involved fungal fitness. In order to elucidate biological function understand protein was produced Pichia pastoris its crystal structure determined. It revealed presence four disulfide bridges, but no close structural analogs could be identified. A short stretch amino acids...
Resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes have been widely used in soybean against root and stem rot diseases caused by this oomycete. Among 15 known Rps genes, Rps1k has the most past four decades. Here, we show that products of two distinct but closely linked RxLR effector are detected Rps1k-containing plants, resulting disease resistance. One is Avr1b-1, confers avirulence presence Rps1b. Three lines evidence, including overexpression gene silencing Avr1b-1 stable P. transformants, as...
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most important and widespread plant diseases caused by biotrophic fungi. Notably, while monocot (grass) PM fungi exhibit high-level host-specialization, many dicot display a broad host range. To understand such distinct modes host-adaptation, we sequenced genomes four biotypes belonging to Golovinomyces cichoracearum or Oidium neolycopersici. We compared together with those Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (both DH14 RACE1 isolates), B. tritici, Erysiphe...
Suspicious activity identification from surveillance video is an effective research area of image processing and computer vision. Detecting suspicious activities significant for maintaining the security organizations communities. Surveillance cameras are mostly used in public areas to monitor secure safety. It difficult observe places continuously hence intelligent needed that can detect human real-time classify them as non-suspicious & activities. By employing a stationary camera...
Many antiangiogenic molecules are proteolytically cleaved from larger plasma proteins. For example, plasminogen activators cleave into plasmin, and plasmin is converted angiostatin in the presence of sulfhydryl donors. We thus investigated whether activity could be increased by treatment with recombinant tissue activator (rt-PA) donor captopril.Human was treated rt-PA (10 micro g/mL) and/or captopril (1 M). Angiogenesis measured vitro human endothelial cell tube formation proliferation vivo...
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family are intracellular sentinels of cytosolic homeostasis that orchestrate immune inflammatory responses in infectious immune-mediated diseases. NLRX1 is a mitochondrial-associated NOD-like receptor involved the modulation metabolic responses. This study utilizes molecular docking approaches to investigate structure experimentally assesses binding naturally occurring compounds from several natural product lipid databases....
Incidences of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, an infection caused predominantly by Aspergillus fumigatus, have increased due to the growing number immunocompromised individuals. While A. fumigatus is reliant upon deficiencies in host facilitate disease, distinct mechanisms that govern host-pathogen interaction remain enigmatic, particularly context immune modulating therapies. To gain insights into these mechanisms, RNA-Seq technology was utilized sequence RNA derived from lungs 2...