A5055669564- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
- Semiconductor materials and interfaces
- solar cell performance optimization
- Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
- Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
- Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
- Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
- Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
- Field-Flow Fractionation Techniques
- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
- Image and Object Detection Techniques
- Semiconductor materials and devices
- Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Frequency Control in Power Systems
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
2016-2025
Fraunhofer Society
2009-2018
University of Freiburg
2010-2012
Within the silicon photovoltaics (PV) community, there are many approaches, tools, and input parameters for simulating solar cells, making it difficult newcomers to establish a complete representative starting point imposing high requirements on experts tediously state all assumptions inputs replication. In this review, we address these problems by providing parameter sets simulate six major types of crystalline cells. Where possible, justified up-to-date respective cell types, they produce...
In this paper we give a mathematical derivation of how luminescence images silicon solar cells can be calibrated to local junction voltage. We compare two different models extract spatially resolved physical cell parameters from voltage images. The first model is the terminal connected diode model, where each pixel regarded as with certain dark saturation current, which via series resistance terminal. This frequently used evaluate measurement data several techniques respect resistance....
Current studies reveal the expectation that photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion will become front-runner technology to stem against extent of global warming by middle this century. In 2019, passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) design has taken over majority solar production. The objective paper is review fundamental physics underlying architecture, its development past few decades an industry main stream product, as well in-depth characterization current cells future potential device...
Abstract The authors present their work on laser‐enhanced contact optimization (LECO) i TOPCon solar cells. LECO improves the metal‐semi‐conductor resistivity ρ c boron emitter and n‐TOPCon side from an underfired (thermal budget too low) state of 2.9 14.1 mΩcm 2 to enhanced 1.8 . Therefore, it enables reduction optimal peak firing temperature, which leads a decrease metal induced recombination mainly minor degree side, as shown in this work. Ultimately, cells conversion efficiency by 0.6%...
Abstract After completion of the solar cell manufacturing process current–density versus voltage curves ( J U ) curves) are measured to determine cell's efficiency and mechanisms limiting efficiency. An accurate robust analysis is essential. In this work it shown that fitting two‐diode model inappropriate quantify recombination in space charge region ohmic losses due series resistance. Three fill factors, namely factor illuminated curve, pseudo suns V oc curve ideal single diode model, base...
In this paper we present a new update to PC1Dmod, which extends the original PC1D program by implementing Fermi-Dirac statistics and range of state-of-the-art models in order improve accuracy c-Si device simulation. PC1Dmod 6.2 list is further expanded include parameterization incomplete ionization dopants (Altermatt et al., J. Appl. Phys.100, 113715, 2006), with parameters for phosphorus, boron, arsenic, gallium aluminum. The results have been verified against previous implementation model....
Abstract Bifacial solar cells and modules are a promising approach to increase the energy output of photovoltaic systems, therefore decrease levelized cost electricity (LCOE). This work discusses bifacial silicon cell concepts PERT (passivated emitter, rear totally diffused) BOSCO (both sides collecting contacted) in terms expected module LCOE based on in‐depth numerical device simulation advanced modelling. As references, Al‐BSF (aluminium back‐surface field) PERC emitter rear) with local...
The loss analysis of state‐of‐the‐art p‐type Czochralski‐grown silicon passivated emitter and rear solar cells (PERC) fabricated in a manner close to industrial production is presented this paper. 6‐inch are featuring homogeneous on the front side, an Al 2 O 3 passivation layer local contacts side. peak energy conversion efficiencies obtained 21.1% for standard antireflection coating (ARC) 21.4% double‐layer ARC. based extended characterization special samples, which allow separation...
Minimizing carrier recombination in silicon solar cells is key to increase the conversion efficiency, as affects both fill factor and open circuit voltage. Recombination at metal-semiconductor interfaces plays a crucial part this, however, processing conditions which lead low recombination, such e.g., firing set temperature or use of thick dielectrics, typically result increased contact resistivities. Also, too leads an incomplete hydrogenation interfaces. Recently, laser-enhanced...
Free carrier absorption (FCA) is a parasitic process in highly doped silicon that might significantly reduce the amount of photons, potentially generating electron-hole pairs. Existing FCA parameterizations are mostly setup by evaluating data range λ ≥ 4 μm. If applied wavelength = 1.0-2.0 μm, including relevant for solar cells, most not appropriate to describe accurately. In this paper, new parameters presented using optical simulation on base experimental reflection enhance quantification...
Abstract Low‐cost and high‐efficiency tandem solar cells are promising candidates for a future industrial mass production. Nowadays, the passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) technology makes up major market share; therefore, it is an attractive option to use PERC as bottom concept perovskite–silicon device. Long‐term optimization of led highly efficient, low‐cost, mature devices. For PERC‐like cells, mainly adapted front‐side design needed: Design constrains single junction relaxed some...
Screen printed silver thick film contacts on the front side of industrial silicon solar cells induce parasitic impurities due to diffusion processes during high-temperature contact formation process. This leads space charge region recombination (SCR-recombination) corresponding efficiency-limiting dark saturation current densities j02. The quantitative determination j02 via fitting two diode model IV curve cell is subject errors as result for strongly depends individual parameters like...
Bifacial solar modules are expected to increase their market share in the coming years. To date, most bifacial cells production and under research realized on n‐type silicon substrates. However, p‐type has been dominating photovoltaic industry, partly due its lower cost. In this work, we present an approach combine applications with industrial passivated emitter rear (PERC) structure: a PERC cell (biPERC). Simulation results presented that showcase high potential for gains of biPERC cell....
Abstract In this work, we analyse passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC), based on wafers made from seed manipulation for artificially controlled defects technique (SMART) monocrystalline silicon, magnetically grown conventional Czochralski (mCz Cz) high‐performance multicrystalline (hpm) silicon. All were processed identically except the hpm wafers, which received an acidic texture instead of random pyramids. The energy conversion efficiency η SMART 21.4 % is similar to mCz (21.5 ) while...
Views Icon Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Search Site Citation Fabian Fertig, Johannes Greulich, Stefan Rein; Spatially resolved determination of the short-circuit current density silicon solar cells via lock-in thermography. Appl. Phys. Lett. 19 May 2014; 104 (20): 201111. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4876926 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib...
A method for analyzing the power losses of solar cells is presented, supplying a complete balance incident power, optical, thermodynamic, and electrical output power. The involved quantities have dimension density (units: W/m2), which permits their direct comparison. In order to avoid over-representation arising from ultraviolet part spectrum, analysis free energy extended include optical losses. This does not focus on of, e.g., 1000 W/m2 explicitly thermalization due generation entropy....
We present an approach for examining and understanding the impact of material process variations on solar cell efficiencies using example industrial feasible multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) passivated emitter rear (PERC) process. fabricate characterize more than 800 mc-Si PERC cells with a broad variation model experimentally achieved based numerical 3-D device simulations, metamodeling, Monte Carlo runs. subject simulated distribution to variance-based sensitivity analysis, extracting...
In this paper, we introduce a predictive, physics-based model, i.e., the so-called tilted-mirror model (tm-model), for optical modeling of rough rear surfaces on silicon solar cells. An enhanced method using transfer matrices at rear-side interface cells is developed and combined with Monte Carlo ray tracing. As result, physically consistent precise simulation spectral reflectance achieved, thus leading to predictive quality simulations that could previously not be reached remaining...