Abstract The consolidation of newly formed memories and their retrieval are energetically demanding processes. Aerobic glycolysis (AG), also known as the Warburg effect, consists production lactate from glucose in presence oxygen. astrocyte neuron shuttle hypothesis posits that astrocytes process by AG to generate lactate, which is used a fuel source within neurons maintain synaptic activity. Studies mice have demonstrated transport between required for long-term memory formation, yet role...

Abstract Background Sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) allows direct measurement of tissue sodium concentrations. Current knowledge skin, muscle and bone concentrations in chronic kidney disease (CKD) renal replacement therapy patients is limited. In this study we measured the CKD, hemodialysis (HD) peritoneal dialysis (PD) with 23Na MRI lower leg explored their correlations established clinical biomarkers. Methods Ten healthy controls, 12 CKD Stages 3–5, 13 HD 10 PD underwent...

Five amphiphilic, anionic Mn(II) complexes were synthesized as contrast agents targeted to organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters (OATP) for liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The are in three steps, each from the commercially available trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) chelator, with T1-relaxivity of ranging between 2.3 and 3.0 mM–1 s–1 phosphate buffered saline at an applied field strength T. Pharmacokinetics assessed female BALB/c mice by...

Cell-cell communication plays a fundamental role in multicellular organisms. Cell-based cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of innate or engineered receptors immune cells to engage specific antigens induce tumor kill. To improve development and translation these therapies, imaging tools capable noninvasively spatiotemporally visualizing immune-cancer cell interactions would be highly valuable. Using synthetic Notch (SynNotch) system, we T that upon interaction with chosen antigen...

Mn(III) porphyrin (MnP) holds the promise of addressing emerging challenges associated with Gd-based clinical MRI contrast agents (CAs), namely, Gd-related adverse effect and decreasing sensitivity at high magnetic fields. Two complementary strategies for developing new MnPs as Gd-free CAs optimized biocompatibility were established to improve relaxivity or clearance rate. distinct tunable pharmacokinetic properties can consequently be constructed different in vivo applications field 3 T.

In vivo metabolism of hyperpolarized pyruvate has been demonstrated to be an important probe cellular glycolysis in diseases such as cancer. The usefulness 13 C imaging is dependent on the relaxation rates C‐enriched substrates, which turn depend chemical conformation and properties dissolution media buffer composition, solution pH, temperature magnetic field. We have measured field dependence spin–lattice time [1‐ C]pyruvate using field‐cycled relaxometry. was dynamic nuclear polarization...

Polymer cross-linking was explored as an approach for increasing the relaxivity of macromolecular contrast agents magnetic resonance imaging. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, N-(2-aminoethyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride, and cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were copolymerized under free radical conditions. By tuning content reaction concentration, it possible to obtain 10 nm nanogels in a single synthetic step. The pendant amine moieties functionalized with...

Radiation-induced lung injury limits radiotherapy of thoracic cancers. Detection radiation pneumonitis associated with early radiation-induced (2–4 weeks postirradiation) may provide an opportunity to adjust treatment, before the onset acute and/or irreversible fibrosis. In this study, localized magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and imaging hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate (pyruvate) 13C-lactate (lactate) were performed in thorax kidney regions rats 2 following whole-thorax irradiation (14...

MnAMP, a cell-trappable pro-contrast agent gets enzymatically activated and accumulated intracellularly to provide strong MRI signal for cell labeling.

Multimodality reporter gene imaging provides valuable, noninvasive information on the fate of engineered cell populations. To complement magnetic resonance (MRI) measures tumor volume and 2-dimensional reporter-based optical viability, MRI may offer 3-dimensional distribution viable cancer cells in deep tissues.Here, we human murine triple-negative breast with lentivirus encoding tdTomato firefly luciferase for fluorescence bioluminescence (BLI). A subset these was additionally organic anion...

Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. However, it remains a poorly understood aspect cancer biology, and most preclinical studies do not examine metastasis, focusing solely on primary tumor. One major factor contributing to this paradox gap in available tools for accurate spatiotemporal measurements metastatic spread vivo. Here, our objective was develop an imaging reporter system that offers sensitive three-dimensional (3D) detection cells at high resolutions...

Sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) allows the measurement of skin sodium concentration ([Na+]). In patients requiring dialysis, no data are available relating to clinical outcomes associated with accumulation or determinants increasing deposition.This was an exploratory, observational study adult hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Participants underwent [Na+] quantification leg 23Na MRI at study's beginning. Outcomes interest were all-cause mortality...

Controversy surrounding gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has rendered their continued utility highly contentious, but the liver-specific GBCA Gd(III) ethoxybenzyl-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd(III)-EOB-DTPA) remains in use because it provides unique diagnostic information that could not be obtained by any other means. To address need for an alternate MRI probe, we synthesized Mn(III) 20-(4-ethoxyphenyl) porphyrin-5,10,15-tricarboxylate (Mn(III)TriCP-PhOEt), which exhibited...

Hyperfine structure can have a significant effect on the accuracy of astrophysical determinations chemical abundances, and absolute wavenumbers are useful for line identification solar granulation studies. We applied collinear fast-ion-beam laser spectroscopy to measure hyperfine structures hyperfine-free 73 optical transitions in spectrum Mn ii.

This paper presents a design study for field-cycled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system directed at small animal applications. A MRI is different from conventional in that it uses two separate and dynamically controllable fields. strong field used to polarize the object, relatively weak during signal acquisition. The potential benefits of are described. theoretical dependences performance on introduced investigated. Electromagnetic, mechanical thermal performances were considered this...

MR molecular imaging enables high-resolution, in vivo study of processes frequently utilizing gadolinium-based probes that specifically bind to a particular biological molecule or tissue. While some are inactive when unbound and produce enhancement only after binding, the majority less specific cause either state. Accumulation then required increase probe concentration regions target molecule/tissue. Herein, method is described for creating specificity traditionally nonspecific probes. This...

Radiation Pneumonitis (RP) limits radiotherapy. Detection of early metabolic changes in the lungs associated with RP may provide an opportunity to adjust treatment before substantial toxicities occur. In this work, regional lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio (lac/pyr) was quantified rat and heart following administration hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at day 5, 10, 15 25-post conformal These results were also compared histology blood analyses.The lower right 12...

We have used fast-ion-beam laser spectroscopy to measure the 1s2${\mathit{s}}^{3}$s-1s2${\mathit{p}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ intervals in Be iii an absolute accuracy of 1 part ${10}^{8}$. Our results are (in ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$): \ensuremath{\sigma}(1s2${\mathit{s}}^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$-1s2${\mathit{p}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}^{\mathit{o}}$=28 864.6120(4),...

Purpose To construct a switch‐tuned 13 C ‐ 1 H birdcage radiofrequency (RF) coil system capable of metabolic imaging hyperpolarized C‐enriched probes for co‐registration with MRI morphology using protons. Materials and Methods The was constructed PIN diodes rapid switching the resonant frequency coil. Identical, single‐tuned, RF coils have also been comparison performance. A receive‐only surface has integrated transmit‐only, operation (TORO) to increase local signal improved signal‐to‐noise...

Background To the knowledge of authors, urinary osmolarity is only tool currently available to assess kidney corticomedullary gradient (CMG). Comparisons between CMG and use modalities such as sodium MRI evaluate renal disease in humans are lacking. Purpose investigate ability measure dynamics compared with after water load healthy volunteers participants disease. Materials Methods A prospective study was conducted from July 2020 January 2021 fasting undergoing chronic (CKD) cardiorenal...

The spontaneous-emission branching fractions of 32 levels Pr II were measured by the fast-ion-beam laser-induced-fluorescence technique. studied had energies from ∼21 500 to ∼29 000 cm−1, and decay branches detected in range 250 850 nm. experimental uncertainties are within 10%. Using our previously radiative lifetimes, we determined Einstein A coefficients oscillator strengths for 260 transitions. results important stellar elemental abundance determinations.