Chemoreception is a key feature in selection of host plant by phytophagous insects, and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are involved chemical communication both insects vertebrates. The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) one the pest species cowpea widely distributed throughout tropical subtropical regions, causing up to 80% yield loss. In this study, we investigated electrophysiological responses female M. floral volatiles from V. unguiculata. Seventeen...

Summary Vespicochory, seed dispersal by hornets, is an uncommon pattern in angiosperms. To date, this phenomenon has been recorded only four families. Because of its rarity, the causes and consequences vespicochory remain unclear. Hence, syndrome often regarded as anecdotal. Through field investigations, chemical analyses, electrophysiological tests, identification chemosensory proteins from antennae behavioral assays, we investigated whether olfactory and/or visual cues diaspores Stemona...

In our previous study, protein-enriched fraction (PEF) that was isolated from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), showed excellent hepatoprotective activity as well potential for clinical application in therapy liver diseases. this antiviral, immunomodulatory, and free radical scavenging activities PEF were evaluated. The antiviral results demonstrated inhibited infection avian influenza virus H9N2 had a vir-ucidal effect against multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus...

Abstract Molecular hyperdiversity has been documented in viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Such organisms undermine the assumptions of infinite‐sites mutational model, because multiple events at a site comprise non‐negligible portion polymorphisms. Moreover, different sampling schemes individuals from species with subdivided populations can profoundly influence resulting patterns interpretations molecular variation. Inspired by nematode Caenorhabditis sp. 5, which exhibits average...

Abstract Pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are essential for the filtering, binding and transporting of sex pheromones across sensillum lymph to membrane-associated pheromone receptors moths. In this study, three novel PBP genes were expressed in Escherichia coli examine their involvement perception Maruca vitrata . Fluorescence experiments indicated that MvitPBP1-3 had strong affinities with four pheromones. Moreover, molecular docking results demonstrated six amino acid residues MvitPBPs...

The Musca domestica antifungal peptide-1A (MAF-1A peptide) from housefly larvae was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis technique, and antiviral, antioxidant, properties were evaluated in this study. Present results indicated that it could significantly inhibit the infection of influenza virus H 1 N , Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), Bombyx mori nuclear polyhydrosis (BmNPV), which displayed excellent virucidal activities. Antioxidant demonstrated MAF-1A...

Abstract In many herbivorous insects, the attraction to suitable host plants is in part mediated by similar olfactory cues from different plants. This study investigated electrophysiological and behavioral responses of female M aruca vitrata F abricius ( L epidoptera: C rambidae) floral volatiles two plants, V igna unguiculata .) W alpers ablab purpureus S weet (both abaceae). Qualitative quantitative differences were found between odor profiles gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry GC ‐ MS...

Abstract Most relatives of the self‐fertilizing hermaphroditic nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans reproduce via obligate outbreeding between males and females, which also represents ancestral mode reproduction within genus. However, little is known about scope genetic diversity differentiation such gonochoristic species, especially those found outside temperate Europe North America. It critical to understand evolutionary processes operating in these species provide a framework...

Autophagy plays a central role in regulating important cellular functions such as cell survival during starvation and control of infectious pathogens. On the other hand, many pathogens have evolved mechanisms inhibition autophagy blockage formation autophagosomes or fusion with lysosomes. Baculoviruses are insect for pest control, activity increases significantly metamorphosis. However, it is not clear whether baculovirus infection has effects on increased autophagy. In present study, we...

Abstract Lectins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed in various insects play crucial roles primary host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Two AMPs (cecropin attacin) have been identified characterized the larvae of housefly. In this study, two novel C‐type lectins (CTLs) were obtained from Musca domestica , while their agglutinating antiviral properties evaluated. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that mRNA levels four immune genes ( MdCTL1 MdCTL2 Cecropin Attacin )...

The Drosophila testis is an excellent system for studying the process from germ stem cells to motile sperm, including proliferation of male cells, meiosis primary spermatocytes, mitochondrial morphogenesis, and spermatid individualization. We previously demonstrated that ocnus (ocn) plays essential role in cell development. Among those genes proteins whose expression levels were changed as a result ocn knockdown, cytochrome c1-like (cyt-c1L) was downregulated significantly. Here, we show...

Context: Insects are a large, unexplored and unexploited source of potentially useful compounds for modern medicine. The larvae the housefly (Musca domestica) have been used to study immune-induced molecules because they can survive in pathogenic environments.Objective: antiviral activity protein-enriched fraction (PEF) from was evaluated vitro possible mechanism studied.Materials methods: PEF isolated housefly. cytotoxicity detected by MTT assay. against influenza virus investigated....

Abstract The ocnus ( ocn ) gene encodes a protein abundant in the testes, implying its role testis development. When Drosophila melanogaster is infected with endosymbiont w Mel Wolbachia , which affects spermatogenesis of hosts, downregulated third‐instar larval suggesting spermatogenesis. In this study, we knocked down testes and found that hatch rates embryos derived from ‐knockdown males were significantly decreased, 84.38% much smaller comparison to controls. Analysis showed no germ...

The protein-enriched fraction (PEF) was isolated and purified from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica. This study designed to investigate amino acid compositions, antioxidative effects protective PEF on red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis, lipid peroxidation. treatment were studied aged mice liver peroxidation antioxidant enzyme activities, which included superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Results: not only inhibited H2O2 stimulated oxidative hemolysis erythrocytes...

Abstract Insect olfaction system plays a key role in the foraging food, pollination, mating, oviposition, reproduction and other insect physiological behavior. Odorant binding protein are widely found various olfactory sensilla of different antennae involved chemical signals discrimination from natural environment. In this study, novel OBP gene, MvitOBP3 is identified legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata , which it mainly harms important vegetables including cowpea, soybean lablab bean....

Abstract BACKGROUND Pheromone‐binding proteins (PBPs) are responsible for transporting sex pheromones and general odorant‐binding (GOBPs) have been proposed to transport host‐plant volatiles. A large number of OBPs identified from Lepidoptera species. However, olfactory molecular biology physiology studies on PBP GOBP in sugarcane pests limited. Chilo infuscatellus is one the most widely distributed sugarcane‐producing areas. RESULTS Three PBPs (CinfPBP1, CinfPBP2 CinfPBP3) two GOBPs...

Mosquito-transmitted diseases like malaria and dengue fever are global problem an estimated 50-100 million of or hemorrhagic cases reported worldwide every year. The mermithid nematode Romanomermis wuchangensis has been successfully used as ecosystem-friendly biocontrol agent for mosquito prevention in laboratory studies. However, this can not undergo sex differentiation vitro culture, which seriously affected their application the field. In study, based on transcriptome sequencing analysis...

Insect pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) have been proposed to capture and transport hydrophobic sex pheromone components emitted by con-specific insects receptors in the hemolymph of male antennal sensilla. In this study, field trapping results indicate that a mixture E11-16: Ald Z11-16: can effectively attract great number Tryporyza intacta. Real-time PCR suggest transcript levels three TintPBP1-3 genes are mainly expressed adult antennae. Fluorescence competitive binding experiments show...