A5080324493- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Malaria Research and Control
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- IgG4-Related and Inflammatory Diseases
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Leeds Beckett University
2014-2015
University of Liverpool
2009-2015
Children’s Foundation
2015
National Health Service
2015
Kanti Children's Hospital
2012
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
2007-2010
Trinity College Dublin
2000-2008
University College Dublin
2006-2008
The Pirbright Institute
1998-2002
Queen's University Belfast
2002
Dengue viruses (DENV) cause countless human deaths each year, whilst West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged as an important pathogen. There are currently no WNV or DENV vaccines licensed for use, yet exist against other flaviviruses. To investigate flavivirus cross-reactivity, sera from a cohort with history of vaccination tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), Japanese (JEV) and yellow fever (YFV) were tested antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test. Neutralization louping ill (LIV)...
Following a suspected case of hantavirus in patientsuffering from acute kidney injury, rodents fromthe patient’s property Yorkshire and the Humber,United Kingdom (UK) were screened for hantaviruses.Hantavirus RNA was detected via RT-PCR two Rattusnorvegicus. Complete sequencing phylogeneticanalysis established virus as Seoul hantavirus,which we have provisionally designated strainHumber. This is first isolated wildrodents UK confirms presence pathogenicSeoul Europe.
Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus found across Asia that closely related to West Nile virus. There no known antiviral treatment for any flavivirus. Results from in vitro studies and animal models suggest intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) containing virus-specific neutralizing antibody may be effective improving outcome viral encephalitis. IVIG’s anti-inflammatory properties also beneficial. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed pilot...
Mortality from adult bacterial meningitis exceeds 50% in sub-Saharan Africa. We postulated that—particularly individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster Epstein-Barr (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contribute to poor outcome. CSF 149 Malawian adults 39 controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. EBV was detected 79 of patients. (54%) associated higher load when adjusted for HIV (P = .01). CMV...
Abstract The U.K. has not yet experienced a confirmed outbreak of mosquito‐borne virus transmission to people or livestock despite numerous autochthonous epizootic and human outbreaks diseases on the European mainland. Indeed, whether British mosquitoes are competent transmit arboviruses been established. Therefore, competence local (temperate) mosquito species, Ochlerotatus detritus (= Aedes ) (Diptera: Culicidae) for member genus Flavivirus , Japanese encephalitis ( JEV as model was...
We looked for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 HSV-2, respectively), varicella zoster (VZV), Epstein-Barr (EBV) cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in Malawian adults with clinically suspected meningitis.We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from consecutive admitted meningitis to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi, a period of 3 months. Those proven bacterial or fungal were excluded. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on the CSF HSV-1 VZV, EBV CMV...
There is evidence that CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) a cellular receptor for vaccine and laboratory-passaged strains of measles virus (MV). Following infection with these MV strains, downregulated from the cell surface, consequent complement-mediated lysis has been shown to occur upon human monocytic line. The hemagglutinin (H) protein alone capable inducing this downregulation. Some wild-type fail downregulate CD46, despite being prevented by anti-CD46 antibodies. In study we show also...
Major virulence determinants of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) lie within the non-structural genes that form replicase complex proteins. Gene exchange between virulent and avirulent viruses has shown nsP3 gene, which essential 5' conserved domains a non-essential hypervariable 3' domain, is one determinants. This protein plays role in subgenomic 26S negative-strand RNA synthesis thought to function with nsP1 anchor replication complexes cell membrane structures. Studies date have focused on...
We previously reported mutations in North American West Nile viruses (WNVs) with a small-plaque (sp), temperature-sensitive (ts), and/or mouse-attenuated (att) phenotype. Using an infectious clone, site-directed and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) exchanges were introduced into the WNV NY99 genome. Characterization of mutants demonstrated that combination involving NS4B protein (E249G) together either mutation NS5 (A804V) or three 3'UTR (A10596G, C10774U, A10799G) produced sp, ts, att...
Phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus in North America has identified replacement the originally introduced clade, Eastern United States (NY99), by American clade. In addition, transient emergence other clades and genetic variants also been observed. this study, we investigated potential role mosquito selection these variants. We determined relative susceptibility Culex quinquefasciatus to infection with isolates from U.S. Southeast coastal Texas Although significant differences were...
The immune responses of cattle inoculated with either a virulent or an attenuated vaccine strain rinderpest virus (RPV) were examined by measuring the proliferation peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to whole RPV antigen preparations and individual major structural proteins expressed using recombinant adenoviruses. Responses T cell mitogen concanavalin A (ConA) also measured as control monitor non-specific effects infection on responses. Infection was found induce strong CD4 +...
The effect of intranasal (IN) administration Semliki Forest virus (SFV) recombinant particles expressing interferon-β [IFN-β, a partially effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)] on the progression experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, murine model MS) was investigated. IFN-β gene cloned from SFV-infected mouse brain by RT-PCR into an SFV-enhanced expression vector, pSFV10-E, which IFN-β-expressing (rSFV10-E-IFN-β) were prepared. Expression studies using...
<h3>Background</h3> Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes 35 000–50 000 cases and 10 deaths every year is the most important cause of worldwide. There no known antiviral treatment for any flavivirus. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial IVIG in 22 Nepalese children with suspected encephalitis, 13 whom had serologically confirmed infection. obtained from areas endemic JEV 50% plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) against wild type JEV,...