A5056001873- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Malaria Research and Control
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- interferon and immune responses
- Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Insect and Pesticide Research
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2013-2024
University of Liverpool
2010-2017
Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool
2017
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2002-2011
Dengue viruses (DENV) cause countless human deaths each year, whilst West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged as an important pathogen. There are currently no WNV or DENV vaccines licensed for use, yet exist against other flaviviruses. To investigate flavivirus cross-reactivity, sera from a cohort with history of vaccination tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), Japanese (JEV) and yellow fever (YFV) were tested antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test. Neutralization louping ill (LIV)...
Abstract A 55‐year‐old bat conservationist was admitted to Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, on November 11, 2002, with an acute haematemesis. He gave a 5‐day history of pain and paraesthesia in the left arm, followed by increasing weakness his limbs evidence evolving encephalitis cerebellar involvement. The patient had never been vaccinated against rabies did not receive postexposure treatment. Using hemi‐nested reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), saliva samples...
After being vaccinated against rabies some cats and dogs fail to show an antibody titre adequate meet the requirements of UK Pet Travel Scheme. To investigate this problem, data derived from 16,073 serum samples submitted Veterinary Laboratories Agency for serological testing between 1999 2002, 1002 BioBest during March April 2001, 1264 associated with one make vaccine June 2001 January 2003, were analysed. The probability failing reach at least 0.5 iu/ml was analysed by logistic regression...
Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) have occurred intermittently in regions around the Mediterranean coast, and may become established Northern Italy Romania, with reported intermittent outbreaks Spain, Hungary, France. WNV has also spread rapidly throughout Americas since its introduction into New York 1999. This capacity to emerge new geographical locations together current increase incidence other flaviviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus, dengue Usutu prompted us design a novel...
The serotine bat ( Eptesicus serotinus ) accounts for the vast majority of rabies cases in Europe and is considered main reservoir European lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1, genotype 5). However, so far disease has not been investigated its native host under experimental conditions. To assess viral virulence, dissemination probable means transmission, captive bats were infected experimentally with an EBLV-1a virus isolated from a naturally conspecific Germany. Twenty-nine wild caught divided into...
There has been an emergence and expansion of tick-borne diseases in Europe, Asia North America recent years, including Lyme disease, encephalitis human anaplasmosis. The primary vectors implicated are hard ticks the genus Ixodes. Although much is known about host response to these bacterial viral pathogens, there limited knowledge cellular responses infection within tick vector. bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum able bypass apoptotic processes ticks, enabling proceed. However, with...
The encephalitic response to viral infection requires local chemokine production and the ensuing recruitment of immune inflammatory leukocytes. Accordingly, receptors present themselves as plausible therapeutic targets for drugs aimed at limiting responses. However, it remains unclear which chemokines are central this process whether leukocyte is important proliferation survival in brain or predominantly a driver coincident pathogenesis. Here we examine expression context avirulent virulent...
Ticks are one of the principal arthropod vectors human and animal infectious diseases. Whereas prevalence tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks Europe is well studied, there less information available on other viruses (TBVs) existing worldwide. The aim this study was to improve epidemiological survey tools TBVs by development an efficient high-throughput test screen a wide range ticks. In study, we developed new virus-detection assay based parallel real-time PCRs microfluidic system, used...
European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) can be transmitted from Daubenton's bats to humans and cause rabies. EBLV-2 has been repeatedly isolated in the UK but appears present at a low level within native population. This prompted us investigate disease its natural host under experimental conditions, assess virulence, dissemination likely means of transmission between insectivorous bats. With exception direct intracranial inoculation, only one seven inoculated by subdermal inoculation became...
Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging zoonotic originally from sub-Saharan Africa. It has been introduced into Europe on multiple occasions, causing substantial mortality within the Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) population. transmitted by mosquito species Culex pipiens in and Vector competence studies indicate that European strains of USUV are readily indigenous Cx. pipiens. However, there limited information ability African strain to infect mosquitoes.We evaluated SAAR-1776 two lines...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the principal cause of mosquito-borne in human populations within Asia. If introduced into new geographic areas, it could have further implications for public and animal health. However, potential mosquito vectors transmission not been fully investigated. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has emerged Europe now expanding its geographical range more northerly latitudes. Culex quinquefasciatus, although absent from Europe, detected Turkey, a...