Summary Δ‐1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase enzymes, which catalyse the rate‐limiting step of proline biosynthesis, are encoded by two closely related P5CS genes in Arabidopsis. Transcription is differentially regulated drought, salinity and abscisic acid, suggesting that these play specific roles control biosynthesis. Here we describe genetic characterization p5cs insertion mutants, indicates P5CS1 required for accumulation under osmotic stress. Knockout mutations result reduction...

Abstract Heat shock factors (HSFs) are principal regulators of plant responses to several abiotic stresses. Here, we show that estradiol-dependent induction HSFA4A confers enhanced tolerance salt and oxidative agents, whereas inactivation results in hypersensitivity stress Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Estradiol transgenic plants decreases, while the knockout hsfa4a mutation elevates hydrogen peroxide accumulation lipid peroxidation. Overexpression alters transcription a large set...

Abstract Oxidative respiration produces adenosine triphosphate through the mitochondrial electron transport system controlling energy supply of plant cells. Here we describe a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) domain protein, PPR40, which provides signaling link between and regulation stress hormonal responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Insertion mutations inactivating PPR40 result semidwarf growth habit enhanced sensitivity to salt, abscisic acid, oxidative stress. Genetic...

Whole transcriptome studies have become essential for understanding the complexity of genetic regulation. However, conventionally applied short-read sequencing platforms cannot be used to reliably distinguish between many transcript isoforms. The Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II platform is capable reading long nucleic acid stretches in a single run. pseudorabies virus (PRV) an excellent system study herpesvirus gene expression and potential interactions transcriptional units. In this...

Abstract Heat shock factors regulate responses to high temperature, salinity, water deprivation, or heavy metals. Their function in combinations of stresses is, however, not known. Arabidopsis HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A4A (HSFA4A) was previously reported salt and oxidative stresses. Here we show, that the HSFA4A gene is induced by salt, elevated a combination these conditions. Fast translocation tagged with yellow fluorescent protein from cytosol nuclei takes place salt-treated cells. can be...

Summary Induction of knockout mutations by T‐DNA insertion mutagenesis is widely used in studies plant gene functions. To assess the efficiency this genetic approach, we have sequenced PCR amplified junctions 1000 insertions and analysed their distribution Arabidopsis genome. Map positions 973 tags could be determined unequivocally, indicating that majority landed chromosomal domains high density. Only 4.7% were found interspersed, centromeric, telomeric rDNA repeats, whereas 0.6% identified...

Abstract CRK5 is a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-related kinase family. Here, we show that inactivation inhibits primary root elongation and delays gravitropic bending shoots roots. Reduced activity auxin-induced DR5–green fluorescent protein reporter suggests auxin depleted from crk5 tips. However, no tip collapse observed transcription genes for biosynthesis, AUXIN TRANSPORTER/AUXIN TRANSPORTER-LIKE PROTEIN (AUX/LAX) influx, PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux...

Summary Sulphur limitation may restrain cell growth and viability. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , sulphur induce H 2 production lasting for several days, which can be exploited as a renewable energy source. causes large number of physiological changes, including inactivation photosystem II ( PSII ), leading to establishment hypoxia, essential increase in hydrogenase expression activity. The has long been assumed caused by sulphur‐limited turnover its reaction center protein...

Ascorbate (vitamin C) plays essential roles in stress resistance, development, signaling, hormone biosynthesis and regulation of gene expression; however, little is known about its algae. In order to provide experimental proof for the operation Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway described higher plants gain more information on ascorbate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we targeted VTC2 encoding GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase using artificial microRNAs. concentrations amiRNA lines were reduced 10% showing...

The Arabidopsis AtCRK5 protein kinase is involved in the establishment of proper auxin gradient many developmental processes. Among others, Atcrk5-1 mutant was reported to exhibit a delayed gravitropic response via compromised PIN2-mediated transport at root tip. Here, we report that this phenotype correlates with lower superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels but higher nitric oxide (NO) content tips comparison wild type (AtCol-0). oxidative stress inducer paraquat (PQ)...

Introduction Zinc finger protein 3 (ZFP3) and closely related C2H2 zinc proteins have been identified as regulators of abscisic acid signals photomorphogenic responses during germination. Whether ZFP3 ZFP factors regulate plant development is, however, not known. Results overexpression reduced growth, limited cell expansion in leaves, compromised root hair development. The T-DNA insertion zfp3 mutant transgenic lines with silenced ZFP1, ZFP3, ZFP4, ZFP7 genes were similar to wild-type plants...

Drought hinders growth, development, and productivity of higher plants. While physiological molecular background plant responses to drought has been extensively studied, the role post-translational modifications histones or DNA methylation in response dehydration remains largely elusive. In this study, we deciphered genome-wide changes transcriptome rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). High-throughput transcript profiling (RNA-seq) chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq)...

The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK)-Related family (CRKs) consists of eight members in Arabidopsis. Recently, AtCRK5 was shown to play a direct role the regulation root gravitropic response involving polar auxin transport (PAT). However, limited information is available about function other AtCRK genes. Here, we report comparative analysis Arabidopsis CRK genes, including transcription regulation, intracellular localization, and biological function. transcripts were detectable all...

Plants have to adapt their metabolism constantly changing environmental conditions, among which the availability of light and water is crucial in determining growth development. Proline accumulation one sensitive metabolic responses extreme conditions; it triggered by salinity or drought regulated light. Here we show that red blue but not far-red essential for salt-induced proline accumulation, upregulation Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 1 (P5CS1) downregulation PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE...

Mitochondria are important sources of energy in plants and implicated coordination a number metabolic physiological processes including stabilization redox balance, synthesis turnover metabolites, control programmed cell death. Mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) is the backbone producing process which can influence other as well. Accumulating evidence suggests that mETC affect responses to environmental stimuli modulate tolerance extreme conditions such drought or salinity....

Abstract To monitor the expression of T-DNA-tagged plant genes in vivo, a collection 20,261 transgenic lines Arabidopsis (Columbia-0) were generated with promoter trap vector pTluc, which carries promoterless firefly luc (luciferase) reporter gene linked to right T-DNA border. By detection bioluminescence 3-week-old seedlings, 753 identified showing constitutive, organ-specific, and stress-responsive luciferase patterns. facilitate identification well-defined patterns, pooled seed stock was...

Abstract Adaptation of higher plants to extreme environmental conditions is under complex regulation. Several small peptides have recently been described modulate responses stress conditions. The Small Paraquat resistance protein (SPQ) Lepidium crassifolium has previously identified due its capacity confer paraquat overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Here, we show that overexpression the closely related SPQ can also enhance paraquat, while spq1 mutant slightly hypersensitive this...

Abstract Main Conclusion The Arabidopsis Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) insertion mutants have increased tolerance to water deficit compared wild-type plants. Tolerance is likely the consequence of ABA hypersensitivity mutants. Plant growth and development depend on multiple environmental factors whose alterations can disrupt plant homeostasis trigger complex molecular physiological responses. Water one which seriously restrict viability. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular...

Abstract Drought hinders growth, development, and productivity of higher plants. While physiological molecular background plant responses to drought has extensively studied, the role epigenetic modifications in response dehydration remains largely elusive. In this study, we deciphered genome-wide transcriptomic rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) dehydration. High-throughput transcript profiling (RNA-seq) chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) PEG-treated plants revealed...

Polyamine (PA) catabolism mediated by amine oxidases is an important process involved in fine-tuning PA homeostasis and related mechanisms during salt stress. The significance of these short-term responses to stress is, however, not well understood. In the present study, effects L-aminoguanidine (AG) on tomato roots treated with induced NaCl were studied. AG usually used as a copper oxidase (CuAO or DAO) inhibitor. our other alterations catabolism, such reduced polyamine (PAO), also observed...