Skeletal myogenesis involves sequential activation, proliferation, self-renewal/differentiation and fusion of myogenic stem cells (satellite cells). Notch signaling is known to be essential for the maintenance satellite cells, but its function in late-stage myogenesis, i.e. post-differentiation myocytes post-fusion myotubes, unknown. Using stage-specific Cre alleles, we uncovered distinct roles Notch1 mononucleated multinucleated myotubes. Specifically, constitutive activation...

ABSTRACT Cleavage of the β-aryl ether linkage is most important process in lignin degradation. Here we characterize three tandemly located glutathione S -transferase (GST) genes, ligF , ligE and ligG from low-molecular-weight lignin-degrading Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6, describe actual roles these genes cleavage. Based on identification reaction product by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, a model compound ether, α-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (MPHPV), was...

ABSTRACT Degradation of arylglycerol-β-aryl ether is the most important process in bacterial lignin catabolism. Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 degrades guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl (GGE) to α-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (MPHPV), and then linkage MPHPV cleaved generate α-glutathionyl-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (GS-HPV) guaiacol. We have characterized three enantioselective glutathione S -transferase genes, including two genes that are involved cleavage enantiomers one gene...

Regenerative coordination and remodeling of the intramuscular motoneuron network neuromuscular connections are critical for restoring skeletal muscle function physiological properties. The regulatory mechanisms such remain unclear, although both attractive repulsive axon guidance molecules may be involved in signaling pathway. Here we show that expression a neural secreted chemorepellent semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is remarkably upregulated satellite cells resident myogenic stem positioned...

Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. To determine whether the intake of different types dietary fats affect muscle fiber that govern metabolic contractile properties skeletal muscle, we fed male Wistar rats with 15% diet derived from sources. Diets composed soybean oil (n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich), fish (n-3 PUFA-rich), or lard (low PUFAs) were administered to for 4 weeks. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms used as...

Protein ubiquitylation is maintained by a dynamic balance of the conjugation and deconjugation ubiquitin. It remains unclear how deubiquitylation-stabilized substrates are directed for degradation. Branched ubiquitin chains promote substrate degradation through proteasome. TRIP12 UBR5 HECT-type E3 ligases, which specific lysine 29 (K29) 48 (K48) linkages, respectively. Here, we show that deubiquitylase (DUB) OTUD5 cooperatively modified UBR5, resulting in K29/K48 branched accelerated...

A series of analogues N-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-D-phenylalanine (5) have been synthesized and evaluated for their hypoglycemic activity. Relationships were studied between the activity three-dimensional structure acyl moiety, which was characterized by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy MNDO calculations. The role carboxyl group phenylalanine moiety also comparing activities enantiomers, decarboxyl derivative, esters, amides derivatives. Thus, structural requirements possessing elucidated a...

Metabolism of 32-hydroxy-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (lanost-8-ene-3 beta,32-diol), a posturated intermediate the 14 alpha-demethylation (removal C-32) 24,25-dihydrolanosterol (lanost-8-en-3 beta-ol), by reconstituted system consisting yeast cytochrome P-450 which catalyzes lanosterol (cytochrome P-45014DM) (Yoshida, Y., and Aoyama, Y. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 1655-1660 Yoshida, Sato, R. 1661-1666) NADPH-cytochrome reductase was studied. The converted both to 4,4-dimethyl-5...

Dietary fat plays an important role in higher brain functions. We aimed to assess the short and long term intake of three different types dietary (soybean oil, lard, fish oil) on anxiety-like depression-like behavior mice. For assessment, a behavioral test battery for anxiety depression was carried out 3-day feeding period. began after 4-week During intake, time spent open arms elevated plus-maze longest oil fed group, followed by soybean lard-fed groups. The is common animal model anxiety,...

Entry of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent L-type channels is critical for contraction in cardiac cells. In recent studies, cells from phospholamban (PLB) knockout (PLB-KO) mouse hearts showed significantly increased basal contractility with enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) uptake. To test whether these effects PLB ablation were associated alterations channel function, we compared the properties currents (I(Ca)) ventricular myocytes isolated wild-type (WT) and PLB-KO hearts. exhibited...

32-0xo-24,25-dihydrolanosterol(32-oxo-DHL) was deformylated to 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14-dien-3@-01, the product of l4a-demethylation 24,25-dihydrolanosterol (DHL), by reconstituted lanosterol l4a-demethylase system consisting cytochrome P -4 5 O I 4 ~~ and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase yeast.Affinity 32-oxo-DHL considerably higher than those DHL, rate deformylation faster demethylation DHL.Spectral analysis complex P-45014DM suggested interaction between 32-aldehyde group heme iron.These...

Recent evidence demonstrated that chronic intake of quercetin attenuated hepatic fat accumulation in various animal models obesity and diabetes. However, whether has the ability to enhance energy metabolism hepatocytes its exact mechanisms have yet be identified. In present study, we investigated directly enhanced cultured by focusing on lipophagy, involving selective autophagic degradation lipid droplets. As an indicator mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption was measured following...

Highlights•Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) possesses high PPARδ-agonist activity•EPA intake increases proportion of slow-twitch type 1 muscle fibers•EPA promotes oxidative metabolism and improves function•EPA activates both PPARδ AMPK pathwaysSummaryMuscle fiber composition (% % fast-twitch fibers) is associated with metabolism, increased fibers alleviating metabolic disorders. Previously, we reported that dietary fish oil induced a fiber-type transition in slower direction rats. The aim this...

An inverted FL antenna (InvFLA) is analyzed to obtain dual-frequency operation at 2.45 and 5.2 GHz (wireless LAN system frequencies). The InvFLA composed of elements, a parasitic element, ground plate, where these lie in the same plane, i.e., structure card-type having co-planar plate. height above plate very small: 5.5 mm=0.045 wavelength GHz. analysis shows that has 4.1% bandwidth around 31.8% GHz, both for VSWR=2 criterion. gain calculated be 0.9 dBi 1.7 with small variation each VSWR bands.

Forced expression of certain transcription factors in somatic cells results generation induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which differentiate into various cell types. We investigated T-cell and B-cell lineage differentiation from iPS vitro. To evaluate the impact source, murine splenic B-cell-derived (B-iPS) were generated after retroviral transduction four (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 c-Myc). B-iPS identical to embryonic (ES) mouse fibroblast (MEF)-derived morphology, ES marker as well teratoma...

Successful regeneration and remodeling of the intramuscular motoneuron network neuromuscular connections are critical for restoring skeletal muscle function physiological properties. The regulatory signals such coordination remain unclear, although axon-guidance molecules may be involved. Recently, satellite cells, resident myogenic stem cells positioned beneath basal lamina at high density myoneural junction regions mature fibers, were shown to upregulate a secreted neural chemorepellent...

Abstract Successful regeneration and remodeling of neuromuscular junctions are critical for restoring functional capacities properties skeletal muscle after damage, axon‐guidance molecules may be involved in the signaling that regulates such restoration. Recently, we found early‐differentiated satellite cells up‐regulate a secreted neural chemorepellent S ema3 A upon vivo muscle‐crush injury. The study also revealed expression is up‐regulated primary satellite‐cell cultures response to...

The development of myoblasts is regulated by various growth factors as well intrinsic muscle-specific transcriptional factors. In this study, we analyzed the roles for STAT3 in and differentiation terms cell cycle regulation interaction with MyoD using C2C12 cells. Here found that inhibited myogenic induced low serum or efficiently Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. As mechanism, not only promoted progression through induction c-myc but also activities direct interaction. DNA...

Denervation is known to induce skeletal muscle atrophy and fiber-type transitions, the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. To investigate effect denervation on muscle, proteomic analysis was performed compare denervated soleus with normal muscle. The muscles were fractionated myofibrillar sarcoplasmic fractions, analysed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by MALDI-TOF-MS. At least 30 differentially regulated proteins identified in fractions muscles....