A5020983841- Micro and Nano Robotics
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
- Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks
- Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
- Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
- Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
- Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
- Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Optical measurement and interference techniques
- Near-Field Optical Microscopy
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence
- Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Model Reduction and Neural Networks
EVRAZ (United Kingdom)
2019-2025
Ithaka Harbors
2020-2025
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
2014-2024
Technische Universität Berlin
2006-2024
University College London
2024
University of Maryland, College Park
2023
University of York
2023
University of Calgary
2022
University of Aberdeen
2014-2021
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
2021
Turbulence is ubiquitous, from oceanic currents to small-scale biological and quantum systems. Self-sustained turbulent motion in microbial suspensions presents an intriguing example of collective dynamical behavior among the simplest forms life important for fluid mixing molecular transport on microscale. The mathematical characterization turbulence phenomena active nonequilibrium fluids proves even more difficult than conventional liquids or gases. It not known which features phases living...
Self-sustained turbulent structures have been observed in a wide range of living fluids, yet no quantitative theory exists to explain their properties. We report experiments on active turbulence highly concentrated 3D suspensions Bacillus subtilis and compare them with minimal fourth-order vector-field for incompressible bacterial dynamics. Velocimetry bacteria surrounding fluid, determined by imaging cells tracking colloidal tracers, yields consistent results velocity statistics...
A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria, in-vitro motility assays as well shaken granular media are commonly described self-propelled rods. Large ensembles those entities display a large variety self-organized, collective phenomena, formation moving polar clusters, nematic dynamic bands, mobility-induced phase separation, topological defects mesoscale turbulence, among others. Here, we give brief survey observations review the theoretical...
Abstract Bacterial swarming is a rapid mass-migration, in which thousands of cells spread collectively to colonize surfaces. Physically, natural example for active particles that use energy generate motion. Accordingly, understanding the constraints physics imposes on these dynamics essential mechanisms underlying swarming. We present new experiments Bacillus subtilis mutants with different aspect ratios and at densities; two physical quantities known be associated collective behavior....
In this paper we systematically derive a fourth-order continuum theory capable of reproducing mesoscale turbulence in three-dimensional suspension microswimmers. We start from overdamped Langevin equations for generic microscopic model (pushers or pullers), which include hydrodynamic interactions on both, small length scales (polar alignment neighboring swimmers) and large scales, where the solvent flow interacts with order parameter field. The field is determined via Stokes equation...
A universal characteristic of mesoscale turbulence in active suspensions is the emergence a typical vortex length scale, distinctly different from scale-invariance turbulent high-Reynolds number flows. Collective length-scale selection has been observed bacterial fluids, endothelial tissue and colloides, yet physical origins this phenomenon remain elusive. Here, we systematically derive an effective fourth-order field theory generic microscopic model that allows us to predict size...
Abstract Recent experiments have shown that the complex spatio-temporal vortex structures emerging in active fluids are susceptible to weak geometrical constraints. This observation poses fundamental question of how boundary effects stabilize a highly ordered pattern from seemingly turbulent motion. Here we show, by combination continuum theory and on bacterial suspension, artificial obstacles guide flow profile reorganize topological defects, which enables design lattices with tunable...
Self-sustained dynamical phases of living matter can exhibit remarkable similarities over a wide range scales, from mesoscopic vortex structures in microbial suspensions and motility assays biopolymers to turbulent large-scale instabilities flocks birds or schools fish. Here, we argue that, many cases, the phenomenology such active states be efficiently described terms fourth- higher-order partial differential equations. Structural transitions these models interpreted as Landau-type...
Exome sequencing (ES) can rapidly identify disease-causing variants responsible for rare, single-gene diseases, and potentially reduce the duration of diagnostic odyssey. Our study examines how parents families value ES.We developed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey that was administered to children with rare diseases. The DCE included 14 tasks 6 attributes 3 alternatives. A valuation-space model used estimate willingness pay, wait test results, minimum acceptable chance diagnosis...
Bacteria organize in a variety of collective states, from swarming-rapid surface exploration, to biofilms-highly dense immobile communities attributed stress resistance. It has been suggested that biofilm and swarming are oppositely controlled, making this transition particularly interesting for understanding the ability bacterial colonies adapt challenging environments. Here, swarm is studied Bacillus subtilis by analyzing dynamics both on individual scales. We show biological physical...
Qualitative research is fundamental for designing discrete choice experiments (DCEs) but often underreported in the preference literature. We developed a DCE to elicit preferences vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) among adolescents and young people (AYP) parents legal guardians (PLG) United States. This article reports targeted literature review qualitative interviews that informed design demonstrates how apply recent reporting guidelines developmental work studies....
More adjuvant treatment options are becoming available for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC) based on results of clinical trials. This study quantified the importance different attributes EBC therapies to patients and benefit-risk tradeoffs were willing make. Women with HR+/HER2- completed an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey; design was informed by data, qualitative interviews (n = 40), pre-testing...
Abstract The importance of traceable measurements is undeniable within an entire metrology community. However, due to their complexity, the optical measurement techniques suffer from lack guidelines regarding uncertainty evaluation. To address this issue, paper describes full procedure on how perform a comprehensive characterisation advanced instrumentation used in reflectometry, spectroscopic Mueller ellipsometry and scatterometry. Despite being fast accurate, these contactless allow...
The utility of genome-wide sequencing is often quantified in terms its diagnostic yield. Although obtaining a diagnosis fundamental aspect value, service users also value broader clinical, informational, process and psychological factors the provision genomic testing. This study aims to from user perspective Scotland. A survey was developed administered 1014 patients families with experience diagnose rare condition Participants' willingness pay for testing elicited using contingent valuation...
As low-income countries are initiating health insurance schemes, Ethiopia is also planning to move away from out-of-pocket private payments insurance. The success of such a policy depends on understanding and predicting preferences potential enrolees. This because scarce care budget forces providers consumers make trade-offs between benefits within An assessment enrolees can therefore add important information optimal resource allocation in the design We used discrete choice experiment...
Meso-scale turbulence was originally observed experimentally in various suspensions of swimming bacteria, as well the collective motion active colloids. The corresponding large-scale dynamical patterns were reproduced a simple model polar fluid, assuming constant density particles. Recent, more detailed experimental studies revealed additional interesting aspects, such anomalous velocity statistics and clustering phenomena. Those phenomena cannot be explained by currently available models...
This paper investigates if respondents' choice to not consider all characteristics of a multiattribute health service may represent preferences. Over the last decade, an increasing number studies account for attribute non-attendance (ANA) when using discrete experiments elicit individuals' Most assume such behaviour is heuristic and therefore uninformative. assumption result in misleading welfare estimates ANA reflects first assess or genuine preference without relying on self-stated...
The physical properties of collectively swimming bacteria have been thoroughly investigated both experimentally and theoretically using simulations. While models successfully predict some aspects the dynamics observed in experiments, experiments vary their underlying assumptions conditions. Hence, it is not clear which are appropriate for experimental setups. Here, we study, two types (agent-based continuous), statistics strains Serratia marcescens, wild-type a nontumbling strain, on...
Heterogeneous systems of active matter exhibit a range complex emergent dynamical patterns. In particular, it is difficult to predict the properties mixed system based on its constituents. These considerations are particularly significant for understanding realistic bacterial swarms, which typically develop heterogeneities even when grown from single cell. Here, swarms cells with different aspect ratios studied both experimentally and in simulations. contrast previous theory, there no...
We investigate the impact of line-edge and line-width roughness (LER, LWR) on measured diffraction intensities in angular resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterometry for a periodic line-space structure designed EUV lithography. LER LWR with typical amplitudes few nanometers were previously neglected course profile reconstruction. The two-dimensional (2D) rigorous numerical simulations process structures are carried out finite element method providing solution 2D Helmholtz equation. To...