We address the challenge of optimal incompressible stirring to mix an initially inhomogeneous distribution passive tracers. As a quantitative measure mixing we adopt H −1 norm scalar fluctuation field, equivalent (square root the) variance low-pass filtered image tracer concentration field. First establish that this is useful gauge even in absence molecular diffusion: its vanishing as t → ∞ evidence flow's properties sense ergodic theory. Then derive absolute limits on total amount mixing,...

We analyse a simple 'Stokesian squirmer' model for the enhanced mixing due to swimming micro-organisms. The is based on calculation of Thiffeault & Childress [Physics Letters A, 374, 3487 (2010), arXiv:0911.5511], where fluid particle displacements inviscid swimmers are added produce an effective diffusivity. Here we show that viscous case cannot be assumed swim infinite distance, even though their total mass displacement finite. Instead, largest contributions displacement, and hence mixing,...

Compared with the conventional fixed speed drive, a major factor that handicaps wide acceptance of variable drive high efficiency permanent magnet (PM) motors is its cost. This paper presents an effort to reduce material and manufacturing costs PM by using soft magnetic composite (SMC), highly matured powder metallurgic technology. Because SMC's properties are quite different from traditional silicon steel sheets, special efforts have been made on measurement modelling vectorial properties,...

The in-plane complex optical properties of the iron-chalcogenide superconductor ${\text{FeTe}}_{0.55}{\text{Se}}_{0.45}$ have been determined above and below critical temperature ${T}_{c}=14\text{ }\text{K}$. At room conductivity is described by a weakly interacting Fermi liquid; however, 100 K scattering rate develops frequency dependence in terahertz region, signaling increasingly correlated nature this material. We estimate dc...

This article proposes a new data-driven health monitoring method, which uses multiobjective optimization and stacked autoencoder based indicator. Specifically, the proposed method an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to perform on large number of candidate features extracted from sensor measurements. Then, model is used construct indicators selected features. In NSGA-II algorithm, goals feature selection are defined as minimum gap between different states...

Heterodimeric tryptophan-containing diketopiperazines (HTDKPs) are an important class of bioactive secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis offers a practical opportunity to access their structural diversity, however, it is restricted by the limited substrate scopes HTDKPs-forming P450 dimerases. Herein, genome mining and investigation sequence-product relationships, we unveiled three residues (F387, F388 E73) in these P450s that pivotal for selecting different diketopiperazine (DKP) substrates...

We employ the cluster Gutzwiller mean-field method to investigate ground-state phase diagrams and demixing effects in binary boson mixtures with pair hopping synthetic dimensions. Our study reveals two novel interspecies paired superfluid phases: super-counter-fluid (PSCF) phase, featuring pairs of particles one species holes other, SCF* which combines PSCF (SCF) orders. These phases provide new insights into XY ferromagnet states from a pseudo-spin perspective, corresponding different...

We performed elastic neutron-scattering and magnetization measurements on ${\text{Fe}}_{1.07}{\text{Te}}_{0.75}{\text{Se}}_{0.25}$ ${\text{FeTe}}_{0.7}{\text{Se}}_{0.3}$. Short-range incommensurate magnetic order is observed in both samples. In the former sample with higher Fe content, a broad peak appears around (0.46,0,0.5) at low temperature, while ${\text{FeTe}}_{0.7}{\text{Se}}_{0.3}$, found to be closer antiferromagnetic (AFM) wave vector (0.5,0,0.5). The peaks are only one side of AFM...

Summary In this article, we describe a non‐intrusive reduction method for porous media multiphase flows using Smolyak sparse grids. This is the first attempt at applying such an reduced‐order modelling (NIROM) based on grids to flows. The advantage of NIROM resides in that its non‐intrusiveness, which means it does not require modifications source code full model. Another novelty uses construct set hypersurfaces representing reduced‐porous problem. implemented under framework unstructured...

A novel low-reverse recovery charge superjunction MOSFET (SJ-MOSFET) with a p-type Schottky body diode is proposed in this letter. The device has contact on the p-pillar at drain side. Electrons are prevented from injecting into side by contact, and total carrier concentration greatly reduced. Compared conventional device, SJ-MOSFET lower reverse larger soft factor. Simulated results show that reduced 81.3% 76.0% 300 K 400 K, respectively, metal work function of 4.5 eV. optimized range 4.3-4.6

Inelastic neutron scattering and susceptibility measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped Fe-based superconductor FeTe(0.5)Se(0.5), which has a critical temperature, Tc of 14 K. The magnetic at stripe antiferromagnetic wave-vector Q = (0.5,0.5) exhibits "resonance" ~ 6 meV, where intensity increases abruptly when cooled below Tc. In 7-T field parallel to a-b plane, is slightly reduced 12 K, based measurements. resonance in also affected by field. under cooling starts rise lower...

The advanced magnetic materials with high saturation flux density and low specific core loss have led to the development of an efficient, compact, lightweight multiple-input multiple-output medium frequency magnetic-link. It offers a new route eliminate some critical limitations recently proposed voltage photovoltaic inverters. In this paper, magnetic-link is developed Metglas amorphous alloy 2605S3A. common generates isolated balanced multiple DC supplies for all H-bridge inverter cells...

In this article, a recessed source trench silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET with integrated MOS-channel diode (MCD) is proposed and investigated by TCAD simulations. The MCD features short channel, the channel length could be adjusted varying depth. Owing to drain-induced barrier lowering effect, low potential for electrons flow through JFET region N+ formed, which successfully eliminates bipolar degradation of parasitic body p-i-n diode. Besides, introduces an additional depletion homogenizes...

Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for construction of low-cost high-performance motors with three-dimensional (3-D) fields. The 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) conducted in the design a claw pole transverse flux motor (CPTFM) an SMC core reveals very complicated B (flux density) loci when rotates. In order to understand and account effects patterns on parameters performance such as losses, property testing system was built measurement cubic sample. rotational...

An analysis of an improved superjunction structure with variation vertical doping profile (VVD-SJ) is presented in this brief. It features a better tradeoff between breakdown voltage (BV) and specific ON-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ) than the prior art, due to higher average concentration columns. A simple 2-D electric field model VVD-SJ derived based on charge superposition principle. Optimized results...

A new solution based on the concept of a deep drain diffusion combined with field plates (FPs) is proposed for superjunction lateral double diffused MOSFET (SJ-LDMOS) device. The suppresses curvature effect conventional SJ-LDMOS and FPs optimize electric distribution further. Simulated results show that exhibits figure merits 12.8 8.5 MW/cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm{{2}}}$...

In a magnetic material, even under an alternating or two-dimensional rotating excitation, the flux is three dimensional (3-D) due to rotation of domains. For measurement 3-D properties materials, novel tester has been developed. The test principle, construction, and calibration property will be presented. Experimental results B H loci core losses with fluxes are included discussed. system working validated.

In 1953 G.I. Taylor showed theoretically and experimentally that a passive tracer diffusing in the presence of laminar pipe flow would experience an enhanced diffusion longitudinal direction beyond bare molecular diffusivity, κ, amount 2 U 192κ , where is radius maximum fluid velocity.This behavior predicted to arise after transient timescaleκ diffusive timescale for cross pipe.Typically, κ very small, so provided fairly long time has passed, this large boost.Before timescale, evolution...

In this paper, magnetic properties of soft composite (SMC) materials under alternating and various rotational magnetizations have been properly measured, modeled, analyzed at typical frequencies 5, 50, 500 Hz. The relationship between the flux density vector <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> field strength xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> has systemically studied when loci are well controlled to be circles...

This paper studies the short-circuit safe operating area (SCSOA) of conventional field-stop (FS) IGBT and superjunction (SJ) FS IGBT, based on 1200 V-rated samples, with help numerical electrothermal simulations. The results show that peak electric field influences distribution temperature inside devices plays a crucial role in determining their SCSOAs. When doping concentration collector, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...