Beginning with three partial cDNA clones of the RNA genome human hepatitis delta virus (HDV), we assembled complete 1,679-base sequence on a single molecule and then inserted trimer this into plasmid pSLV, simian 40-based eucaryotic expression vector. This construct was used to transfect both monkey kidney (COS7) hepatocellular carcinoma (HuH7) cell lines. In way obtained replication HDV appearance, in nucleoli, antigen, only known virus-coded protein. proved that could replicate nonliver as...

The replication of the RNA genome hepatitis delta virus is greatly facilitated by presence only known virus-coded protein, antigen. Most, if not all, infections are characterized two electrophoretic forms These correspond to polypeptide lengths 195 and 214 amino acids which encoded genomes with different nucleotide sequences. We used cDNA transfections investigate functions these found that small form antigen supported large acted as a dominant negative repressor such replication. This...

Three independent lines of evidence showed that when an infectious clone hepatitis delta virus known sequence was used to initiate genome replication, up 41% the genomes were specifically mutated in amber termination codon (UAG UGG) for open reading frame antigen, thereby increasing length predicted protein from 195 214 amino acids. This change detected only on molecules participated RNA-directed RNA synthesis.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) replicates its genome in the nucleus of an infected cell. However, unsolved problem has been identification cytoplasm a putative mRNA for synthesis only virus-coded protein, antigen. We now report characterization 800-base RNA that is cytoplasmic, polyadenylated, and antigenomic should direct translation This was about 500 times less abundant than full-length genomic RNA. mapped predominant 5' terminus also 3' site at which poly(A) added. At point 15 to 20 bases...

Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is an RNA-binding protein with binding specificity for hepatitis virus (HDV) RNA (J. H. Lin, M. F. Chang, S. C. Baker, Govindarajan, and Lai, J. Virol. 64:4051-4058, 1990). By amino acid sequence homology search, we have identified within its domain two stretches of arginine-rich motif (ARM), which present in many prokaryotic eukaryotic proteins. The first one KERQDHRRRKA the second EDEKRERRIAG, they are separated by 29 acids. Deletion either these ARM...

The only known protein of hepatitis delta virus (HDV), the antigen, is found both within particles and nucleus infected cell, where it has one or more roles essential for RNA genome replication. Others have demonstrated that antigen ability, in vitro, to specifically bind HDV species. We report a further examination this phenomenon, using partially purified recombinant protein, expressed as fusion with staphylococcal A. From Northwestern (RNA-immunoblot) analyses complete various subdomains...

Objective: Hepatitis B, C, and delta virus (HBV, HCV, HDV) share similar transmission routes; thus, dual or triple infections may occur even persist in the same patient. However, little is known about presentations course of chronic HBV infection with HCV HDV markers, which this study examined. Methods: Antibodies against (anti-HCV) (anti-HDV) were assayed as appropriate patients infection. The clinical, pathological, virological well disease HBV/HDV/HCV markers then reviewed. Results: A...

A head-to-tail trimer of a full-length cDNA clone the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genome was examined for infectivity by direct inoculation into liver chimpanzee that already infected with B virus. Five weeks after inoculation, marked elevation serum alanine aminotransferase activity observed, followed appearance high levels HDV RNA and antigen in both level viral particles serum. transient suppression replication evident during acute phase infection. Seroconversion antibodies to occurred 3...

Overexpression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a DNA/RNA binding protein, is associated with metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanisms underlying hnRNP K-mediated unclear. The aim present study was to determine role matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) NPC. We studied K-regulated MMPs by analyzing expression profiles MMP family genes NPC tissues and K-knockdown cells using Affymetrix microarray analysis quantitative RT-PCR. association MMP12 82...

Peters plus syndrome (PPS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by anomaly of the eye, short stature, brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, and variable other systemic abnormalities. In this report, we describe screening 64 patients affected with PPS, isolated PPS-like phenotypes. Mutations in coding region B3GALTL were identified nine patients; six had documented phenotype classic PPS remaining three clinical diagnosis incomplete documentation. A...

ABSTRACT Most RNA viruses encode their own polymerases for genome replication, and increasing numbers of them appear to be capable undergoing recombination. Here, we provide the first report intergenotypic recombination in hepatitis delta virus (HDV), only animal that requires host polymerase(s) viral replication. In vivo, analyzed species derived from serum a patient with mixed genotype I IIb HDV infection by using multiple restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays sequence...

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a bioactive component extracted from propolis, is widely studied due to its anti-cancer effect. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) distinct other head and neck carcinomas has high risk of distant metastases. N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) demonstrated as tumor suppressor in several cancers. Our result showed that CAPE treatment could repress NPC cell growth, through induction S phase cycle arrest, invasion. stimulated NDRG1 expression cells....

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has several important roles in hepatocytes terms of anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and antioxidant properties. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with liver regeneration protection against injury. The aim this study was to determine the potential crosstalk between HO-1 IL-6, elucidate signaling pathways involved induction by IL-6 human hepatoma cells. Ectopic overexpression not only attenuated cell proliferation vitro vivo, but also blocked...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the only animal RNA that has an unbranched rod-like genome with ribozyme activity. It replicates in nucleus by host polymerase via a rolling circle mechanism. Similar to many viruses encoding their own RNA-dependent polymerases, homologous recombination of HDV occurs mixed-genotype infections and cultured cells cotransfected two sequences, as demonstrated molecular analyses.Among 237 published complete genomic 34 sequences were reported from small isolated...

Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in world. This infection affects millions individuals worldwide annually. Although direct sexual contact mode transmission, increasing evidence indicates that T. can survive external environment and be by contaminated utensils. We found growth under cold conditions greatly inhibited, but recovers after placing these stressed cells at normal cultivation temperature 37 °C. However,...

Abstract Background Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defected RNA and requires its encoded large antigen (LDAg) to interact with helper viral proteins (HBsAgs) during assembly. Recently, study demonstrated direct binding of the LDAg C-terminus from genotype I HDV clathrin heavy chain (CHC), which suggests that this interaction might facilitate If essential life cycle, box sequence at should be conserved across all HDV. However, C-terminal variable among 43 isolates. Results Based on presence...

// Mei Chao 1,2,3 , Tzu-Chi Wang 2,* Chia-Chi Lin 2 Robert Yung-Liang 2,4 Wen-Bin Shang-En Lee Ying-Yu Cheng Chau-Ting Yeh 3 and Shan-Bei Iang 1 Department of Microbiology Immunology, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyang, Taiwan Division Microbiology, Graduate Institute Biomedical Sciences, Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Memorial Hospital, 4 * Deceased Correspondence to: Chao, email: Keywords : hepatitis delta virus, mammalian RNA polymerase, ribozyme, recombination,...

Abstract Approximately, 25% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients develop recurrent disease. NPC may involve relatively few genomic alterations compared to other cancers due its association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We envisioned that in‐depth sequencing tumor tissues might provide new insights into the genetic this cancer. Thirty‐three paired tumor/adjacent normal or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were deep‐sequenced (>1000×) respect a panel 409 cancer‐related genes....

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA forms an unbranched rod-like structure and complexes with the antigen (HDAg). Host ADAR1-catalyzed editing at amber/W site of small HDAg leads to production large HDAg, which inhibits replication is required for virion assembly. For HDV genotype 1, controlled by immediate vicinity downstream site. Here, effects 20 mutants carrying increased length consecutive base-pairing various sites in on were examined. All nine genomic regions that formed up 15 base pairs,...

Background:The Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mutant genotypes contain an allele encoding defective ALDH2 with reduced efficacy of alcohol metabolism leading to accumulation highly toxic and carcinogenic acetaldehyde.It can induce unpleasant "Asian flush syndrome" associate increased risk cancers.However, date, little is known about in relation the postoperative prognosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: From 2002 2012, 419 HCC patients receiving surgical resection were enrolled for...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV), an RNA with two forms of the antigen (HDAg), relies on hepatitis B (HBV) for envelope proteins essential hepatocyte entry. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third in global cancer deaths, yet HDV’s involvement remains uncertain. Among 300 HBV-associated HCC serum samples from Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes, 2.7% (8/300) tested anti-HDV positive, 62.7% (5/8) these also HDV positive. Genotyping revealed HDV-2 one sample, HDV-4 two, and showed mixed...