A5089100022- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- interferon and immune responses
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Retinal and Optic Conditions
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2015-2025
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2015-2024
Emory University
2014-2018
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2015
Emory Healthcare
2015
Georgia State University
2012-2014
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused large outbreaks within populations on five continents, with concurrent spillover into a variety of mammalian species. Mutations associated adaptation been sporadically identified in isolates, and more frequently among isolates following infection. Reports human infection contact infected wildlife reported multiple highlighting the need for pandemic risk assessment these viruses. In this study, pathogenicity...
Ocular inoculation of a clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus caused severe and fatal infection in ferrets. Virus was transmitted to ferrets direct contact. The results highlight the potential capacity these viruses cause human disease after either respiratory or ocular exposure.
Reports of human infections with influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses associated outbreaks in dairy cows the United States underscore need to assess potential cross-protection conferred by existing immunity. We serologically evaluated ferrets previously infected an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus for cross-reactive antibodies and then challenged 3 months later either highly pathogenic H5N1 or low pathogenicity H7N9 virus. Our results showed that prior infection more effectively reduced replication...
A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus, first detected in January 2014 poultry and wild birds South Korea, has spread throughout Asia Europe caused outbreaks Canada the United States by end of year. The reassortant viruses, H5N2 H5N1 (H5Nx), domestic across multiple states pose a potential public health risk. To evaluate cross-species infection, we determined pathogenicity transmissibility two Asian-origin H5Nx viruses mammalian animal models. newly isolated were able to...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have spread rapidly throughout North American flyways in recent months, affecting wild birds over 40 states. We evaluated the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a representative virus using ferret model examined replication kinetics this human respiratory tract cells.
In December 2016, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N2) virus was identified to be the causative source of an outbreak in cat shelter New York City, which subsequently spread multiple shelters states and Pennsylvania. One person with occupational exposure infected cats became virus, representing first LPAI H7N2 infection human North America since 2003. Considering close contact that frequently occurs between companion animals humans, it critical assess relative risk this novel...
The widely used influenza subunit vaccine would benefit from increased protection rates in vulnerable populations. Skin immunization by microneedle (MN) patch can increase immunogenicity, as well vaccination coverage due to simplified administration. To further we granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory cytokine already approved for skin cancer therapy and support treatment. GM-CSF has been shown be upregulated following MN insertion. GM-CSF-adjuvanted...
The fifth wave of the H7N9 influenza epidemic in China was distinguished by a sudden increase human infections, an extended geographic distribution, and emergence highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) viruses. Genetically, some viruses from have acquired novel amino acid changes at positions involved mammalian adaptation, antigenicity, hemagglutinin cleavability. Here, several low-pathogenic (LPAI) HPAI virus isolates were assessed for their pathogenicity transmissibility models, as well ability to...
Influenza A(H1) viruses circulating in swine represent an emerging virus threat, as zoonotic infections occur sporadically following exposure to swine. A fatal infection caused by H1N1 variant (H1N1v) was detected a patient with reported and who presented pneumonia, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest. To understand the genetic phenotypic characteristics of virus, genome sequence analysis, antigenic characterization, ferret pathogenesis transmissibility experiments were performed. Antigenic...
Abstract The ferret transmission model is routinely used to evaluate the pandemic potential of newly emerging influenza A viruses. However, concurrent measurement viral load in air typically not a component such studies. To address this knowledge gap, we measured levels virus nasal washes as well RNA emitted into for 14 diverse viruses, encompassing human-, swine-, and avian-origin strains. Here show that transmissible viruses display robust replication fast release air. In contrast, poorly-...
A single subtype of canine influenza virus (CIV), A(H3N8), was circulating in the United States until a new subtype, A(H3N2), detected Illinois spring 2015. Since then, this CIV has caused thousands infections dogs multiple states.In study, genetic and antigenic properties were evaluated. In addition, structural glycan array binding features recombinant hemagglutinin determined. Replication kinetics human airway cells pathogenesis transmissibility animal models also assessed.A(H3N2) CIVs...
While several swine-origin influenza A H3N2 variant (H3N2v) viruses isolated from humans prior to 2011 have been previously characterized for their virulence and transmissibility in ferrets, the recent genetic antigenic divergence of H3N2v warrants an updated assessment pandemic potential. Here, four contemporary during 2016 were evaluated replicative ability both vitro vivo mammalian models as well among ferrets. We found that all possessed similar or enhanced replication capacities a human...
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses, of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage, have exhibited substantial geographic spread worldwide since first detection H5N1 virus in 1996. Accumulation mutations HA gene has resulted several phylogenetic clades, while reassortment with other viruses led to emergence new subtypes (H5Nx), notably H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8. H5Nx represent a threat both poultry industry human health can cause lethal disease following exposure. Here, HPAI...
Both in vitro and vivo models are employed for assessing the pandemic potential of novel emerging influenza A viruses laboratory settings, but systematic examinations how well viral titer measurements obtained align with results from experimentation not frequently performed. We show that certain following infection a human bronchial epithelial cell line positively correlated titers specimens collected virus-inoculated ferrets employ mathematical modeling to identify commonalities between...
Influenza A virus is a continuously evolving respiratory pathogen. Endemic in swine, H1 and H3 subtype viruses sporadically cause human infections. As each zoonotic infection represents an opportunity for adaptation, the emergence of transmissible influenza to which there little or no preexisting immunity ongoing threat public health. Recently isolated variant were shown display extensive genetic diversity many instances antigenically distinct from seasonal vaccine strains. In this study, we...
Abstract Influenza virus causes life-threatening infections in pregnant women and their newborns. Immunization during pregnancy is the most effective means of preventing maternal infant mortality/morbidity; however, influenza vaccination rates remain under 50%. Furthermore, availability vaccines low-resource populations limited. Skin immunization with microneedle patches (MN) a novel safe platform featuring thermostable vaccine formulations. Cold-chain independence potential for...
Low-pathogenicity avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses, enzootic in poultry populations Asia, are associated with fewer confirmed human infections but higher rates of seropositivity compared to A(H5) or A(H7) subtype viruses. Cocirculation and viruses leads the generation reassortant bearing internal genes markers mammalian adaptation, warranting continued surveillance both populations. Here, we describe active efforts live markets Vietnam 2018 compare representative G1 Y280 lineage that have...
Continued surveillance and risk assessment of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are critical for pandemic response preparedness. As such, in vivo evaluations indispensable early detection with enhanced virulence transmission.
Cutaneous vaccination with microneedle patches offers several advantages over more frequently used approaches for vaccine delivery, including improved protective immunity. However, the involvement of specific APC subsets and their contribution to induction immunity following cutaneous delivery is not well understood. A better understanding functions individual in skin will allow us target cell populations order further enhance efficacy. Here we use a Langerin-EGFP-DTR knock-in mouse model...