Abstract Nocebo hyperalgesia refers to increases in perceived pain that putatively result from negative expectations regarding a nocebo stimulus (eg, an inert treatment, compared with no treatment). The precise cognitive-emotional factors contributing the origins of effects are poorly understood. We aimed test experimentally induced pain-related fear on acquisition and extinction healthy participants (N = 72). Acquisition were between group receiving standard conditioning (Control group) 2...

Abstract Nocebo hyperalgesia is a clinically relevant phenomenon and may be formed as result of associative learning, implemented by classical conditioning. This study explored for the first time distinct nocebo conditioning methods their consequences attenuation methods. Healthy participants (N = 140) were recruited randomized to following induction groups: with continuous reinforcement (CRF), partial (PRF), sham-conditioning control group. In phase, counterconditioning was compared...

The present study surveyed judges to examine how they consider and apply scientific information during sentencing determinations. Judges in criminal courts are increasingly asked assess make decisions based on evidence surrounding psychiatric disorders, with unclear results outcomes. We qualitatively interviewed 34 who have presided over cases 16 different states also administered vignette surveys the interviews. them for hypothetical defendants presenting of either no disorder, an organic...

This study investigated for the first time effects of individual and combined application 3 learning techniques (verbal suggestions, classical conditioning, observational learning) on placebo analgesia extinction. Healthy participants (N = 206) were assigned to 8 different groups in which they taught through either a verbal suggestion, conditioning paradigm, video observing someone, or any combination thereof that device (inactive transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation [TENS]) was capable...

This study identifies factors that contribute to sentencing outcomes for criminally sentenced individuals experiencing mental disorders, in two U.S. states with divergent sociopolitical ideologies. Recent case law ( n = 130) from appellate courts New York and Kansas (from 2020 2021) was analyzed using regression machine learning predict sentence severity disorders. Across both states, trauma-related personality disorders led the most severe sentences, while paraphilia, addiction, mood had...

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: In contemporary criminal justice systems, the integration of bio-behavioral science evidence into legal proceedings poses complex challenges as well opportunities. As psychiatric and mental health may often not be accompanied by expert testimony, judges in courts tasked with alone interpreting incorporating this their decision-making processes. <bold>Methods</bold>: This study investigates how judges–shaped views, beliefs, personal...

This study examines how formal education in biological and behavioral sciences may impact punishment intuitions (views on criminal sentencing, free will, responsibility, dangerousness) cases involving neurobiological evidence. In a survey experiment, we compared between biobehavioral science non-science university graduates by presenting them with baseline case without explanation for offending followed one of two (described as either innate or acquired influences to offending). An ordinal...

Abstract This study aimed to identify electrophysiological correlates of nocebo-augmented pain. Nocebo hyperalgesia (i.e., increases in perceived pain resulting from negative expectations) has been found impact how healthy and patient populations experience is a phenomenon that could be better understood terms its neurophysiological underpinnings. In this study, nocebo was induced 36 participants through classical conditioning suggestions. Electroencephalography recorded during rest (pre-...

Activation of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor with its co-agonist D-serine has been shown to improve subjective mood in healthy volunteers. D-alanine is another potent which arises from natural breakdown host gut microbes, and predominantly sequestered pituitary. This may suggest that influences neuroendocrine stress response then impact on emotion.The current study explored effects emotional processing, cognition levels hormone cortisol volunteers.In a double-blind,...

To investigate learning processes underlying nocebo effects on itch, this study measured the efficacy of classical conditioning and observational for inducing cowhage-evoked itch scratching behaviour. A total 58 healthy female participants were assigned to conditioning, learning, or sham groups. In group, experimenters associated application an inert gel with increased intensity themselves. a video paradigm was shown. Nocebo as difference in between control test phase trials, compared...

Abstract Learning and negative outcome expectations can increase pain sensitivity, a phenomenon known as nocebo hyperalgesia. Here, we examined how targeted pharmacological manipulation of learning would impact responses their brain correlates. Participants received either placebo ( n = 27) or single 80 mg dose d -cycloserine (a partial NMDA receptor agonist; 23) underwent fMRI. Behavioral conditioning suggestions were used to induce responses. pre-conditioning outside the scanner. During...

Abstract This study aimed to identify electrophysiological biomarkers of nocebo-augmented pain. Nocebo hyperalgesia (i.e., increases in perceived pain resulting from negative expectations) was induced 36 healthy participants through classical conditioning and suggestions. In a baseline phase, received high thermal stimulations. During acquisition, learned associate an inert gel applied their forearm with pain, relative moderate intensity control stimulus administered without gel. evocation,...

This study identifies factors that contribute to sentencing outcomes for criminally sentenced individuals experiencing mental disorders, in two U.S. states with divergent sociopolitical ideologies. Recent case law (n = 130) from appellate courts New York and Kansas (from 2020 2021) was analyzed using regression machine learning predict sentence severity disorders. Across both states, trauma-related personality disorders led the most severe sentences, while paraphilia, addiction, mood had...