Abstract Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) when coupled with high throughput sequencing is revolutionising the way biodiversity can be monitored across a wide range applications. However, large number tools deployed in downstream bioinformatic analyses often places challenge configuration and maintenance workflow, consequently limits research reproducibility. Furthermore, scalability needs to considered handle growing amount data due increase sequence output scale project. Here, we...

Background & Aims Improving maternal gut health in pregnancy and lactation is a potential strategy to improve immune metabolic offspring curtail the rising rates of inflammatory diseases linked alterations microbiota. Here, we investigate effects prebiotic supplement (galacto-oligosaccharides fructo-oligosaccharides), ingested daily from <21 weeks' gestation six months' post-partum, double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Methods Stool samples were collected at multiple...

Abstract Snake venoms represent a danger to human health, but also gold mine of bioactive proteins that can be harnessed for drug discovery purposes. The evolution snakes and their venom has been studied decades, particularly via traditional morphological basic genetic methods alongside proteomics. However, while the field genomics matured rapidly over past 2 owing development next-generation sequencing technologies, snake remains in its infancy. Here, we provide an overview state art...

Biomonitoring is vital for establishing baseline data that needed to identify and quantify ecological change inform management conservation activities. However, biomonitoring biodiversity assessment in arid environments, which are predicted cover 56% of the Earth's land surface by 2100, can be prohibitively time consuming, expensive, logistically challenging due their often remote inhospitable nature. Sampling environmental DNA (eDNA) coupled with high-throughput sequencing an emerging...

Abstract Narrow‐leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivation was transformed by 2 dominant vernalization‐insensitive, early flowering time loci known as Ku and Julius Jul ), which allowed expansion into shorter season environments. However, reliance on these has limited genetic phenotypic diversity for environmental adaptation in cultivated lupin. We recently predicted that a 1,423‐bp deletion the cis ‐regulatory region of LanFTc1 , FLOWERING LOCUS T FT ) homologue, derepressed...

This first pan-Mediterranean analysis of genetic diversity in wild narrow-leafed lupin revealed strong East–West differentiation populations, an historic eastward migration, and signatures adaptation to climatic variables. Most grain crops suffer from a narrow base, which limits their potential for adapting new challenges such as increased stresses associated with climate change. Plant breeders are returning the ancestors close relatives broaden base crops. Understanding these will help...

Accurate identification of the botanical components honey can be used to establish its geographical provenance, while also providing insights into honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) diet and foraging preferences. DNA metabarcoding has been demonstrated as a robust method identify plant species from pollen pollen-based products, including honey. We investigated use floral sources local preferences honeybees using 15 samples six bioregions eastern western Australia. two markers, ITS2 trnL P6 loop....

Abstract Groundwaters host vital resources playing a key role in the near future. Subterranean fauna and microbes are crucial regulating organic cycles environments characterized by low energy scarce carbon availability. However, our knowledge about functioning of groundwater ecosystems is limited, despite being increasingly exposed to anthropic impacts climate change-related processes. In this work we apply novel biochemical genetic techniques investigate ecological dynamics an Australian...

Abstract Tree hollows are essential for many vertebrate species, providing both nesting sites and shelter. Globally, old hollow‐bearing trees in decline resulting dependent species being under threat. It is, therefore, imperative that vital preserved, but it is logistically difficult to rapidly determine which used by taxa. Here, we investigate the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding as a survey tool hollow users. We compared identity richness hollow‐inhabiting taxa using sediment from tree...

Exploitation of renewable sources energy such as algal biodiesel could turn supplies problem around. Studies on a locally isolated strain Dunaliella sp. showed that the mean lipid content in cultures enriched by 200 mg L −1 myoinositol was raised around 33% (1.5 times higher than control). Similarly, productivity values were achieved treated 100 and myoinositol. Fluorometry analyses (microplate fluorescence flow cytometry) revealed increased oil accumulation Nile red-stained samples....

The pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects over 600 species of plant. It is present in numerous environments throughout the world and causes significant damage to many agricultural crops. Fragmentation lack gene flow between populations may lead population sub-structure. Within discrete recombining populations, positive selection a 'selective sweep'. This characterised by an increase frequency favourable allele leading reduction genotypic diversity localised genomic region due...

This study revealed that the western Mediterranean provided founder population for domesticated narrow-leafed lupin and genetic diversity decreased significantly during domestication. The evolutionary history of plants domestication profoundly shaped genome structure today's crops. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies allow unprecedented opportunities to understand evolution minor crops, which constitute majority plant domestications. A diverse set 231 wild (Lupinus...

The human gut microbiome has increasingly been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a neurological developmental disorder, characterized by impairments to social interaction. ability of the microbiota signal across gut-brain-microbiota axis metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, impacts brain health and identified play role in gastrointestinal symptoms affecting autistic children. fecal older children ASD repeatedly shown particular shifts bacterial fungal...

Salvaged native topsoil is a scarce, highly valuable resource in post‐mining restoration, being the main source of organic matter and nutrients major repository plant propagules soil microbes. During mining process, often stockpiled, factors such as stockpile depth, season stripping, storage time can adversely affect functionality. We aimed to determine if functionality differs between undisturbed reference topsoils stockpiled various age origin, whether measures microbial community...

Narrow-leafed lupin is an emerging crop of significance in agriculture, livestock feed and human health food. However, its susceptibility to various diseases a major obstacle towards increased adoption. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Botrytis cinerea – both necrotrophs with broad host-ranges - are reported among the top 10 pathogens. Whole-genome sequencing comparative genomics useful tools discover genes responsible for interactions between pathogens their hosts. Genomes were assembled one...

Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in shaping the global carbon cycle and maintaining ecological balance that sustains biodiversity worldwide. Surficial water bodies are often interconnected with groundwater, forming physical continuum, their interaction has been reported as crucial driver for organic matter (OM) inputs groundwater systems. However, despite growing concerns related to increasing anthropogenic pressure effects of change environments, our understanding dynamics regulating...

Abstract An excavation of an Early Iron Age village near Aalborg in Denmark uncovered the jaws and skull fragments from a small mammal that were morphologically identified to genus Crocidura (white‐toothed shrews). Three species are known prehistoric continental Europe but none them distributed Scandinavia, which is why this surprising finding warranted further analyses. The bone was radiocarbon‐dated 2840–2750 calibrated years before present (cal. BP), corresponding Late Bronze hence...

Environmental DNA (eDNA) research is transforming biomonitoring at a global scale, but applicability to reptiles has been restricted because of their presumed low shedding rate. Consequently, eDNA may have considerable limitations as tool in Australia where 40% the terrestrial vertebrates are reptiles. However, there need evaluate if method improvements, such targeting certain substrates, improve ability detect reptile eDNA. The Pilbara olive python ( Liasis olivaceus barroni ) an uncommon...

Abstract Rising temperatures and extreme climate events are propelling tropical species into temperate marine ecosystems, but not all can persist. Here, we used the heatwave-driven expatriation of Black Rabbitfish ( Siganus fuscescens ) to environments Western Australia assess ecological evolutionary mechanisms that may entail their persistence. Population genomic assays for this rabbitfish indicated little genetic differentiation between residents vagrants due high migration rates, which...

ISHS XIII Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics THE SURVEY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IRANIAN SWEET POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) GERMPLASM USING SSR MARKERS

Abstract The pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects over 600 species of plant. It is present in numerous environments throughout the world and causes significant damage to many agricultural crops. Fragmentation lack gene flow between populations may lead population sub-structure. Within discrete recombining populations, positive selection a ‘selective sweep’. This characterised by an increase frequency favourable allele leading reduction genotypic diversity localised genomic...

Iran is considered to have a unique gene pool of different fruit and nut species including olive (Olea europaea L.). In this study, we used 22 previously developed microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers for evaluate the level genetic variation produce identification keys 63 Iranian accessions belonging 17 groups cultivars. Based on morphological features, number flowers per inflorescence, weights, endocarp oil percentages, flesh weights had highest coefficient values,...