A house-to-house, cross-sectional, population study of epilepsy on 24,130 individuals all ages from southern Pakistan indicates an age-specific prevalence rate 9.99 in 1,000 (14.8 rural and 7.4 urban areas) for recurrent, nonfebrile "active" Pakistan. Mean onset was 13.3 years, 74.3% epileptic persons were aged < 19 years at the disorder. The most common seizure type tonicclonic 77% [primary generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) 59% secondarily 18%], simple partial (SPS) 5%, complex (CPS) 6%,...

Summary: Purpose: To determine comparative prevalence rates, demographics, phenomenology, seizure classification, presumptive etiology, treatment status, and selected socioan‐thropological aspects of epilepsy in Pakistan Turkey. Methods: A population‐based, cross‐cultural study was designed with identical protocols to be performed simultaneously The essential feature the design an unselected population, reference their previous medical contact, use standardized International Community‐Based...

Abstract Mycobacteroides abscessus (Previously Mycobacterium ) is an emerging microorganism of the newly defined genera that causes mainly skin and tissue diseases in humans. The recent availability total 34 fully sequenced genomes different strains belonging to this species has provided opportunity utilize genomics data gain novel insights guide development specific antimicrobial therapies. In present study, we collected collectively complete genome sequences M. from NCBI GenBank database....

ABSTRACT The synthesis and transportation proteins of the Vi capsular polysaccharide Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (serovar Typhi) are encoded by viaB operon, which resides on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as SPI-7. In recent years, Vi-negative strains have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic. However, because negativity can arise during vitro passage, clinical significance not clear. To investigate loss expression at genetic level, 60 stored from Faisalabad...

Burn scars remain a serious physical and psychological problem for the affected people. Clinical studies as well basic scientific research have shown that medical needling can significantly increase quality of burn with comparatively low risk stress patient regards to skin elasticity, moisture, erythema transepidermal water loss. However, has no influence on repigmentation large hypopigmented scars. The goal this study is evaluate whether two established methods – (for improvement scar...

Summary Only 5–10% of people infected with M ycobacterium tuberculosis develop active which suggests a role genetic variation in host immunity. Genetic variants TLR s are potential indicator for susceptibility and outcome several diseases. We explored the association nonsynonymous ( et1 V al) T oll‐like receptor 8 Pakistani population. Genotypic allelic distribution polymorphism (rs3764880) patients TB healthy donors from different areas southern P unjab, akistan, was determined. Results...

Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common in women and seventh overall, accounting for an estimated 300 000 annual deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) second cause of worldwide. HPV screening not a practice Pakistan. The aim this study was to determine prevalence types with normal cytology cervix living upper lower regions Punjab, Pakistan, analyze risk factors region.PCR analysis performed 1011 female patients from various districts Punjab Province, Risk acquisition were studied....

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a causative agent of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Pakistan, more than 10 million people are living with HCV. Very little known about the genotype distribution in Punjab Province, largest province Pakistan. Pretreatment identification very important, as different HCV genotypes respond differently to interferon therapy.In this study we performed genotyping for 1537 HCV-infected patients from districts Sequencing partial NS5B...

The gold standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) in combination with ribavirin. Most patients treated PEG-IFN achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). However host genetic factors play vital role the spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of HCV from these infected patients. In current study, polymorphisms IL28B (rs8099917 rs12979860) were analyzed their association to alpha was determined.One hundred fifty genotype 3...

Objective: The present work aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure airborne molds, serum aflatoxin B 1 (AFB ), and liver enzymes of workers handling wheat flour. Methods: study included 90 bakers, 100 flour milling workers, controls with no dust. Workplace aspects such as temperature relative humidity were measured. Airborne fungi collected identified. In all subjects included, levels AFB , albumin (Alb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine (ALT), alkaline...

The burden of HPV varies by country and HIV status. study aimed to evaluate types prevalent in HIV-positive females compared with HIV-negative the local population federal capital territory Pakistan.The selected female consisted 65 already diagnosed 135 females. Cervical scrap was collected analyzed for cytology.The prevalence patients 36.9%, higher than (4.4%). 12.30% had cervical cytology interpreted as "LSIL" 87.69% "NIL." high-risk type detected 15.39% while 21.54% showed low-risk types....

The recommended standard therapeutic regimen for chronic hepatitis patients with C virus (HCV) genotype 3 is pegylated interferon plus ribavirin 24 weeks. aim of the present study was to evaluate treatment efficacy and variables predictive success, interactions among contributing a response therapy, utility rapid virological (RVR; week 4 response) predict outcomes in HCV 3-infected routine clinical practice.We prospectively studied baseline during-treatment factors associated sustained (SVR)...

Background: After invasion of hepatocytes and immune cells, hepatitis C virus has the ability to escape from host system, leading progression disease into chronic infection with associated liver morbidities. Adenosine 5’triphosphate (ATP) is released in most pathological events affected cells acts as a signaling molecule by binding P2X receptors expressed on host's activates system for pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, present study was designed analyze transcript expression ionotropic...

Serum uric acid levels measured by the phosphotungstic sodium cyanide method have been estimated in 60 patients suffering from a cerebrovascular incident. Patients with diseases known to predispose hyperuricaemia were excluded. Twenty-five per cent. of acute strokes had hyperuricaemia, and this did not appear be transitory phenomenon. These findings suggest that may one factors pathogenesis atheroma.

Pakistan has the second highest burden of hepatitis C (HCV) in world. The major route HCV transmission is contaminated blood or needle sharing. Seventy percent people who inject drugs (PWIDs) shared needles at some time their addiction history. aim present study was to estimate prevalence PWIDs cities Pakistan. We enrolled 100 from Rawalpindi and Islamabad Blood samples were taken collection tubes subjected screening by using three rapid kits including one step anti‑HCV test, onsite Ab test...

Introduction Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is caused by an RNA virus. HCV considered to induce systemic disease that causes steatosis, alters lipid metabolism, and results in metabolic syndrome. This study aimed investigate the therapeutic outcome genotype 3 patients with Materials methods A total of 621 HCV-positive who visited hospital for treatment were screened. Among these, 441 enrolled antiviral therapy. These assessed syndrome according International Diabetes Federation criteria....

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) signifies an important health issue as it is a globally prevalent pathogen and poses great threat to human health. Direct antiviral therapy became landmark in treatment against chronic HCV infection they have proven increase sustained virological response (SVR) rate, provide shortened simplified regimens. This study aimed evaluate efficacy of Sofosbuvir classify factors success their function continuation decision. We studied host viral 310 patients who received (DAA)...

To explore RNA dependent polymerase of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and develop T cell based epitopes with high antigenicity good binding affinity for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) classes as targets CHIKV vaccine.In this study we downloaded 371 non-structural protein 4 sequences belonging to different regions world from US National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases (NIAID) pathogen resource database. All were aligned by using CLUSTALW software a consensus sequence was developed Uni Pro...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) constitutes a major public health issue in Pakistan. Interferon α and ribavirin is used widely routine practice HCV infected patients Pakistan.Treatment prediction an important tool therapy management. The present study aims to evaluate trends of predictive variables treatment outcome with different genotypes. analysis comprised 921 All the received IFN α-2b combined for 24 weeks. Overall, 60.2% achieved Sustained virologic response (SVR). In females sustained (SVR)...

Human health has always been challenged by variety of viral infections, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surpassed all previous diseases and emerged as a major challenge around the globe. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is gold standard for diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 serological assay provides compliment to after second week infection. The aim study characterization antibody response in blood sample diagnosed disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, its potential...

Rapid virological response (RVR) is now thought to be the strongest predictor of sustained (SVR) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients undergoing antiviral therapy. It can used as a guide individualize treatment duration. The aim this study was assess role RVR tailoring duration treatment.Patients with HCV genotype 3 infections were enrolled and treated pegylated interferon alfa-2a (PEG IFN alfa-2a) 180 μg/week ribavirin. RNA analyzed at weeks 4, 12, 16, 24. Treatment individualized on basis...