RNA viruses replicate with a very high error rate and give rise to heterogeneous, highly plastic populations able adapt rapidly changing environments. Viral diseases are thus difficult control because of the appearance drug-resistant mutants, it becomes essential seek mechanisms force extinction quasispecies before adaptation emerges. An alternative use conventional drugs consists in increasing replication through mutagens. Here, we report about persistent infections lymphocytic...

Studies with several RNA viruses have shown that enhanced mutagenesis resulted in decreases of infectivity or virus extinction, as predicted from entry into error catastrophe. Here we report lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, the prototype arenavirus, is extremely susceptible to extinction by base analog 5-fluorouracil. Virus elimination was preceded increases complexity mutant spectra treated populations. However, careful molecular comparison genomic segments suggests largest mutation...

Knowledge about the host range and genetic structure of emerging plant viruses provides insights into fundamental ecological evolutionary processes, from an applied perspective, facilitates design implementation sustainable disease control measures. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is whitefly-transmitted begomovirus that rapidly spreading inciting economically important diseases in cucurbit crops Mediterranean basin. Genetic characterization ToLCNDV populations has shown they are...

There are a number of discrepancies in the literature regarding protein composition avian reoviruses. The present study demonstrates that reovirus S1133 contains at least 10 proteins (lambdaA, lambdaB, lambdaC, muA, muB, muBC, muBN, sigmaA, sigmaB, and sigmaC). Polypeptides sigmaC components outer capsid layer virus, while lambdaA, sigmaA core polypeptides. Protein lambdaC is component both layers, extending from inner to capsid. minor outer-capsid polypeptide shown be cell attachment...

We describe a new plant single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus, nanovirus isolate originating from the faba bean in Ethiopia. applied rolling circle amplification (RCA) to extensively copy individual circular DNAs of genome. By sequence analyses more than 208 individually cloned genome components, we obtained representative sample eight polymorphic swarms DNAs, each about 1 kb size. From these heterogeneous populations after RCA, inferred consensus sequences components virus Based on distinctive...

Nanoviruses are multipartite single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) plant viruses that cause important diseases of leguminous crops and banana. Little has been known about the variability molecular evolution these viruses. Here we report on faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV), a nanovirus from Ethiopia. We found mutation frequencies 7.52 x 10(-4) substitutions per nucleotide in field population 5.07 laboratory-maintained derived thereof. Based propagation for period more than 2 years, determined...

Lethal mutagenesis, or virus extinction produced by enhanced mutation rates, is under investigation as an antiviral strategy that aims at counteracting the adaptive capacity of viral quasispecies, and avoiding selection antiviral-escape mutants. To explore lethal mutagenesis hepatitis C (HCV), it important to establish whether ribavirin, purine nucleoside analogue used in anti-HCV therapy, acts a mutagenic agent during replication cell culture. Here we report effect ribavirin serial passages...

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato New Delhi (ToLCNDV), and chlorosis (ToCV) are emerging viruses that cause significant damage to (Solanum lycopersicum). TYLCV ToLCNDV single-stranded DNA from the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, while ToCV is an RNA Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae). These share overlapping geographic ranges, vectors (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci), host plants, making mixed infections common. This study investigated interactions between in of...

ABSTRACT Enhanced mutagenesis may result in RNA virus extinction, but the molecular events underlying this process are not well understood. Here we show that 5-fluorouracil (FU)-induced of arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) resulted preextinction populations whose consensus genomic nucleotide sequence remained unaltered. Furthermore, fitness recovery passages absence FU, or alternate presence and led to profound differences capacity LCMV produce progeny, without modification...

Abstract Begomovirus ssDNA plant virus (family Geminiviridae ) replication within the Bemisia tabaci vector is controversial. Transovarial transmission, alteration to whitefly biology, or detection of viral transcripts in are proposed as indirect evidence tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCV). Recently, contrasting direct has been reported regarding capacity TYLCV replicate individuals B. based on quantitave PCR approaches. Time-course experiments quantify complementary and virion sense nucleic...

Abstract Circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses are the smallest known to infect eukaryotes. High recombination and mutation rates have conferred these with an evolutionary potential that has facilitated their emergence. Their damaging effects on livestock (circoviruses) crops (geminiviruses nanoviruses) ubiquity of anelloviruses in human populations other mammalian species, resulted increased interest better understanding epidemiology infection mechanisms. ssDNA viral replication...

Geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) possess single-stranded circular DNA genomes that are replicated by cellular polymerases in plant host cell nuclei. In their hosts, geminivirus populations behave as ensembles of mutant and recombinant genomes, known viral quasispecies. This favors the emergence new geminiviruses with altered range, facilitating or more severe diseases overcoming resistance traits. warm temperate areas several whitefly-transmitted genus Begomovirus cause tomato yellow...

Previous work has shown that the avian reovirus cell-attachment sigma C (σC) protein is a multimer. In first part of this study oligomerization state intracellularly synthesized σC was analysed by different approaches, including SDS–PAGE, chemical cross-linking, sedimentation and gel filtration analysis. All these approaches indicated in its native homotrimer. second present we investigated effect factors reagents on oligomer stability, order to elucidate nature forces maintain...

If we could rewind the tape of evolution and play it again, would turn out to be similar or different from what know? Obviously, this key question can only addressed by fragmentary experimental approaches. Twenty-two years ago, described establishment BHK-21 cells persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a system that displayed as its major biological feature coevolution resident in course persistence. Now report two cell lines parallel, starting same clones FMDV used...

RNA viruses within a host exist as dynamic distributions of closely related mutants and recombinant genomes. These genomes, which are subjected to continuous process genetic variation, competition, selection, act unit termed viral quasispecies. Characterization mutant spectra hosts is essential for understanding evolution pathogenesis resulting from the cooperative behavior Furthermore, detailed analysis variability needed design control strategies, because quasispecies reservoirs variants...

Previous studies have documented that, in the presence of mutagenic base analogue 5-fluorouracil (FU), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) that persisted BHK-21 cells decreased its infectivity to a larger extent than intracellular viral RNA levels, prior extinction. This observation, together with silico simulations, led proposal lethal defection model suggests participation defective-interfering genomes loss by increased mutagenesis. Since LCMV naturally produces particles, it was...