Abstract Background Even though osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal dysfunction, there are no effective pharmacological treatments to treat OA due lack of understanding in pathology. To better understand mechanism pathogenesis and investigate its target, we analyzed miRNA profiles during verify role functional targets miR-488. Results Human articular chondrocytes were obtained from cartilage patients undergoing knee replacement surgery biopsy samples normal expression...

Even though increasing evidences on miRNA involvement in human pathological responses, the distinct roles and related mechanisms of miRNAs pathology osteoarthritis (OA) are not yet fully understood.RNA levels or protein Apoptotic genes, HDACs, MMP-13, chondrocytes isolated from normal biopsy sample OA cartilages were analyzed by real-time PCR western blotting. Exogenous modulation miR-222 level was performed using delivery its specific precursor inhibitor target validation assay applied to...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that fulfill diverse functions by negatively regulating gene expression. Here, we investigated the involvement of miRNAs in chondrogenic differentiation chick limb mesenchymal cells and found expression miR-221 increased upon inhibition. Blockade via peanut agglutinin-based antisense oligonucleotides reversed chondro-inhibitory actions a JNK inhibitor on proliferation migration progenitors as well formation precartilage condensations. We determined mdm2 is...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in cellular metabolism and development. Various diseases associated with aberrant expression of lncRNAs the related dysregulation mRNAs. An lncRNA profiling assay was carried out identify key osteoarthritic human synoviocytes; results revealed that prostate cancer gene marker 1 (PCGEM1) significantly overexpressed synoviocytes. Exogenous overexpression PCGEM1 inhibited apoptosis, induced autophagy, stimulated...

Abstract The role of the receptor activator nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)—a tumor necrosis (TNF)-related cytokine—in osteoclast formation has been established clearly. However, downstream signaling pathways activated by this cytokine remain largely unknown. To identify genes that play a in osteoclastogenesis, we used RAW 264.7 mouse monocytes as model system for differentiation multinucleated osteoclasts from mononucleated precursors. cells were induced with RANKL to form giant...

Summary The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying association between one‐carbon metabolism and DNA methylation during chronic degenerative joint disorder, osteoarthritis ( OA ). Articular chondrocytes were isolated from human cartilage normal biopsied, degree degradation determined by safranin O staining. We found that expression levels SHMT ‐2 MECP increased in chondrocytes, 3′ UTR reporter assays showed are direct targets mi R ‐370 ‐373, respectively, articular...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in various cellular processes, such as cell fate determination, death, and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated role of miRNA-34a (miR-34a) reorganization actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for chondrocyte differentiation. miRNA arrays to identify genes that appeared be up-regulated or down-regulated during chondrogenesis were applied with chondrogenic progenitors treated JNK inhibitor. PNA-based antisense oligonucleotides precursor...

Abstract Transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is coupled with translation in bacteria. Here, we observe the dynamics of transcription and subcellular localization a specific gene locus (encoding non-membrane protein) living E. coli cells at subdiffraction-limit resolution. The movement to nucleoid periphery correlates transcription, driven either RNAP or T7 RNAP, effect potentiated translation.

Interactions between membrane proteins are poorly understood despite their importance in cell signaling and drug development. Here, we present a co-immunoimmobilization assay (Co-II) enabling the direct observation of protein interactions single living cells that overcomes limitations currently prevalent proximity-based indirect methods. Using Co-II, investigated transient homodimerizations epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) beta-2 adrenergic (β2-AR) cells, revealing differential...

Reaction progress kinetic analysis utilizing single molecule trajectories revealed the comprehensive molecular mechanisms of cetuximab induced EGFR endocytosis.

Cell survival in metazoans depends on cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or neighboring cells. Loss of such triggers a type programmed death known as anoikis, acquisition resistance which is key step cancer development. The mechanisms underlying anoikis remain unclear, however. intracellular F-actin cytoskeleton plays role sensing loss cell-ECM attachment, but how its disruption affects fate during stress not well understood. Here, we reveal strategy characterized by formation...

We present a single-molecule diffusional-mobility-shift assay (smDIMSA) for analyzing the interactions between membrane and water-soluble proteins in crowded of living cells. found that ligand-receptor decreased diffusional mobility ErbB receptors β-adrenergic receptors, as determined by single-particle tracking with super-resolution microscopy. The shift was sensitive to size binders ranged from few tens kilodaltons several hundred kilodaltons. This technique used quantitatively analyze...

sPLA2 (secretory phospholipase A2) has been implicated in a wide range of cellular responses, including cell proliferation and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodelling. Even though remodelling is an essential step for chondrogenesis, the expression functions during chondrogenesis have not studied.In present study, first time, we detect secretion limb development suggest that influences and/or survival mesenchymal cells. Treatment wing bud cells with exogenous promoted death by activating MMP-9...

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of cell-free culture supernatant Lactobacillus curvatus Wikim 38 (LC38-CS) on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone loss in a mice model ovariectomy-induced post-menopausal osteoporosis. LC38-CS inhibited marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) into osteoclasts dose-dependent manner. F-actin ring formation resorption were also reduced by treatment RANKL-treated BMDMs. In addition, decreased activation TRAF6/NF-κB/MAPKs...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays crucial roles in controlling cell differentiation and maintaining tissue integrity. Previously we reported that TGF-β3 treatment decreased the mRNA expression of gap junction protein, connexin 43 as well number, which lead to inhibition chondrogenic condensation cultured chick leg bud mesenchymal cells. The present study demonstrates can induce cleavage ectodomain neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin) at initiation stage chondrogenesis reduce numbers,...

Abstract Endochondral ossification is characterized by a significant interdependence between cell shape and cytoskeletal organization that accompanies the onset of chondrogenic signaling. However, mechanisms mediating these interactions have not been well studied. Here, treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β3 at later stage chondrogenesis led to activation Smad‐2 signaling formation intense stress fibers, which resulted in suppressing differentiation leg bud mesenchymal cells....

Although the resolution of CE-SSCP has been significantly improved by using a poly(ethyleneoxide)-poly(propyleneoxide)-poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO; Pluronic(®)) triblock copolymer as separation medium, on microchip format is not widely applicable because their limited short channel length. Therefore, strategy to improve in channels lengths highly required for enabling microchip-based CE-SSCP. In this study, we developed high-resolution system controlling width pluronic-filled channel....

Abstract Cell survival in metazoans depends on cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or neighboring cells. Loss of such triggers a type programmed death known as anoikis, acquisition resistance which is key step cancer development. The mechanisms underlying anoikis remain unclear, however. intracellular F-actin cytoskeleton plays role sensing loss cell-ECM attachment, but how its disruption affects fate during stress not well understood. Here, we reveal strategy characterized by...