Abstract Internet addiction (IA) is an emerging social and mental health issue among youths. Analysis of risk factors, as well their interactions, crucial for understanding the development IA. This study investigated relationship between recent stressful life events, personality traits, perceived family functioning IA in 892 college students. Subjects were classified into categories (non‐addicted, mild or severe IA) using Chen Addiction Scale. Stressful traits assessed Adolescent Self‐Rating...

The ability to identify strange conspecifics in societies is supported by social memory, which vital for gregarious animals and humans. function of hippocampal principal neurons memory has been extensively investigated; however, the nonprincipal neuronal mechanism underlying remains unclear. Here, we first observed parallel changes recognition number parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs) ventral CA1 (vCA1) after isolation. Then, using tetanus toxin-mediated lesion optogenetic stimulation...

To explore the therapeutic effects of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction (ZTD) on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) in colon tissues, flora, fecal metabolites mice with functional constipation (FC). A total 36 BALB/c were divided into six groups: control, model, positive (Cisapride), ZTD groups three dosages (1.5 g/mL, 3 6 g/mL). All mice, except those control group, induced FC by gavage using compound diphenoxylate. After establishing each group received...

Background: Zhishi decoction (ZSD) is one of the most common herb decoctions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it used for treatment FC. However, its main therapeutic mechanism not yet clear. This study aims to explore possible pharmacodynamic material basis potential molecular from network pharmacology docking verify them through animal experiments. Methods: Firstly, effective ingredients, targets, key targets ZSD FC were screened pharmacology. Go KEGG analyses performed targets....

To explore the mechanism of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction (ZTD) in treating functional constipation (FC) by observing its effects on intestinal flora composition, metabolic function gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, and serum concentrations TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 patients with FC. 40 FC were randomly divided into control group treatment group, 20 cases each group. And healthy volunteers recruited during same period. The was administered lactulose, while treated ZTD....

The hippocampus, being sensitive to stress and glucocorticoids, plays significant roles in certain types of learning memory. Therefore, the hippocampus is probably involved increasing drug use, seeking, relapse caused by stress. We have studied effect with morphine on synaptic plasticity CA1 region vivo a delayed-escape paradigm Morris water maze. Our results reveal that acute enables long-term depression (LTD) induction low-frequency stimulation (LFS) but causes potentiation. Remarkably,...

Recent studies have indicated that the insula underlies affective learning. Although learning is well-established in development of opiate addiction, role this context remains unclear. To elucidate organization opiate-related within insular cortex, we reversibly inactivated each two major subdivisions rats and tested effects inactivation on acquisition morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) aversion (CPA) induced by naloxone-precipitated acute morphine withdrawal. Results showed...

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor modulators have been investigated as a potential treatment strategy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we found that levels were different wild type (WT) and AβPP/PS1 mouse brains.

Orexins are found to participate in mediating stress-induced drug relapse. However, the neuroanatomical basis that orexin transmission modulates seeking remains unknown. The nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), best known for its role appetitive and negative motivation via dopamine receptors, is likely be potential important brain area where system mediates relapse since function of NAcSh can regulated by transmission. In present study, a morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) model was...

Abstract As a non-substance addiction, gambling disorder represents the model for studying neurobiology of addiction without toxic consequences chronic drug use. From neuropsychological perspective, impulsivity is deemed as potential construct responsible in onset and development addiction. The objective this study was to investigate associations between status young adults with varying severity gambling. A sample 1120 college students, equally divided into non-problem, at-risk problem...

Positive and negative emotional experiences induced by addictive drugs play an important role in the development of dysfunctional drug-related memory, which becomes resistant to extinction contributes high rate relapse. Those memories may undergo a process called reconsolidation that some cases can be disrupted pharmacological treatment. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) has been shown mediate appetitive but its withdrawal-related aversive memory remains elusive. present study used conditioned...

Drug-associated cues can elicit relapse to drug seeking after abstinence. Studies with extinction–reinstatement models implicate dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAshell) and dorsolateral caudate-putamen (dlCPu) cocaine seeking. However, less is known about their roles cue-induced opiate prolonged Using a morphine self-administration abstinence–relapse model, we explored of NAshell dlCPu DA D1/D2-like receptor mechanisms underlying rewarding and/or Acquisition was examined...

Impulsive behavior in heroin-dependent individuals and matched smokers was studied within the framework of temporal discounting. Two well-known effects were examined: sign magnitude (Kirby, 1997). The study also investigated relationship between cognitive impulsivity inhibitory control as measured by a Go/No-go task. Fifty-six patients postmethadone treatment stage an equal number daily participated study. showed higher discount rates both gain loss conditions. They no effect demonstrating...

We previously found that injection of a cocaine hydrolase (CocE) engineered from human butyrylcholinesterase will transiently accelerate metabolism in rats while reducing physiological and behavioral responses. To investigate more extended therapeutic effects, CocE cDNA was incorporated into replication-incompetent type-5 adenoviral vector with cytomegalovirus promoter. In dosed this agent (2.2 × 10⁹ plaque-forming units), the time course expression characterized by reverse...

5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), has been implicated in aversive memory and the function brain region which processing affect. However, little is known about role 5-aza reconsolidation opiate withdrawal memory. In present study, using morphine-naloxone induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) model rats, we injected into agranular insular (AI), granular (GI), basolateral amygdala (BLA) central (CeA) immediately after retrieval tested behavioral...