A5039060299- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
University of Edinburgh
2016-2025
Royal Edinburgh Hospital
2013-2024
NHS Lothian
2024
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2016
University of Dundee
2009
To compare psychiatric emergencies and self-harm at emergency departments (EDs) 1 year into the pandemic, to early pandemic pre-pandemic, examine changes in characteristics of presentations.This retrospective cohort study expanded on Pandemic-Related Emergency Psychiatric Presentations (PREP-kids) study. Routine record data March April 2019, 2020, 2021 from 62 EDs 25 countries were included. ED presentations made by children adolescents for any mental health reasons analyzed.Altogether,...
Recent theories have suggested that the inappropriate activation of limbic motivational systems in response to neutral stimuli may underlie development delusions schizophrenia.To investigate amygdala, midbrain, and ventral striatum during an aversive pavlovian conditioning task patients with schizophrenia healthy control participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Cross-sectional case-control neuroimaging study.Academic medical center.Twenty DSM-IV-diagnosed or schizoaffective...
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated a significant polygenic contribution to bipolar disorder (BD) where disease risk is determined by the summation of many alleles small individual magnitude. Modelling scores may be powerful way identifying disrupted brain regions whose genetic architecture related that BD. We extent which common variation underlying BD affected neural activation during an executive processing/language task in individuals at familial and healthy...
Background Impulsivity is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and most frequently measured using self-rating scales. There need to find objective, valid reliable measures impulsivity. This study aimed examine performance participants with BPD compared healthy controls on delay probabilistic discounting tasks the stop-signal task (SST), which are objective choice motor impulsivity, respectively. Method A total 20 21 control completed SST. They also Barratt Impulsiveness...
Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability and significant mortality, yet mechanistic understanding remains limited. Over the past decade evidence has accumulated from case-control studies that illness associated with blunted reward activation in basal ganglia other regions such as medial prefrontal cortex. However it unclear whether this finding can be replicated large number subjects. The functional anatomy cortex been extensively studied former excitatory glutamatergic...
Objectives: Although in current diagnostic criteria there exists a distinction between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, many patients manifest features of both disorders, it is unclear which aspects, if any, confer specificity. In the present study, we investigate whether are differences medial temporal lobe (MTL) activation schizophrenia. We also associations levels symptom severity across disorders. Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were conducted on 14 healthy...
Earlier pubertal timing is associated with higher rates of depressive disorders in adolescence. Neuroimaging studies report brain structural associations both and depression. However, whether structure mediates the relationship between depression remains unclear. The current registered examined (indexed via perceived development), (cortical subcortical metrics, white matter microstructure) symptoms a large sample (N = ∼5000) adolescents (aged 9–13 years) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive...
Background The hippocampus plays a central role in memory formation. There is considerable evidence of abnormalities hippocampal structure and function schizophrenia, which may differentiate it from bipolar disorder. However, no previous studies have compared activation schizophrenia disorder directly. Method Fifteen patients with 14 healthy comparison subjects took part the study. Subjects performed face–name pair task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Differences blood...
Rare genetic variants of large effect can help elucidate the pathophysiology brain disorders. Here we expand clinical and analyses a family with (1;11)(q42;q14.3) translocation multiply affected by major psychiatric illness test on structure function prefrontal, temporal regions. The showed significant linkage (LOD score 6.1) phenotype that included schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar recurrent depressive disorder. Translocation carriers reduced cortical thickness in left lobe,...
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable condition. First-degree relatives of affected individuals have more than ten-fold increased risk developing bipolar (BD), and three-fold major depressive (MDD) the general population. It unclear however whether differences in brain activation reported BD MDD are present before onset illness.
There are overlaps between autism and schizophrenia but these particularly pronounced, especially in social domains, for higher functioning individuals with spectrum disorders (ASD) or schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). It is not known whether overlapping deficits result from shared distinct brain mechanisms. We therefore compared cognition ASD SPD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-one SPD, 28 33 controls were respect to clinical symptoms the Positive Negative...
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric involving range of symptoms including marked affective instability and disturbances in interpersonal interactions. Neuroimaging studies are beginning to provide evidence altered processing fronto-limbic network deficits the disorder, however, few directly examine structural connections within this circuitry together with their relation proposed causative processes clinical features. In current study, we investigated whether...
STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) is a population-based study built on the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) resource. The aim of STRADL to subtype major depressive disorder (MDD) basis its aetiology, using detailed clinical, cognitive, brain imaging assessments. GS:SFHS provides an important opportunity complex gene-environment interactions, incorporating linkage existing datasets inclusion early-life variables for two longitudinal birth...
Background Previous neuroimaging studies indicate abnormalities in cortico-limbic circuitry mood disorder. Here we employ prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry to examine the trajectory of these during early stages illness development. Method Unaffected individuals (16–25 years) at high and low familial risk disorder underwent structural brain imaging on two occasions 2 years apart. Further clinical assessment was conducted after second scan (time 3). Clinical outcome data time 3...
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide with > 50% cases emerging before age 25 years. Large-scale neuroimaging studies in depression implicate robust structural brain differences disorder. However, most have been conducted adults and therefore, temporal origins depression-related imaging features remain largely unknown. This has important implications for understanding aetiology informing timings potential intervention.Here, we examine associations between structure...
Background. Abnormalities of emotion-related brain circuitry, including cortico-thalamic-limbic regions underpin core symptoms bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive (MDD). It is unclear whether these abnormalities relate to the disorder, are present in unaffected relatives, or they can predict future illness. Method. The Bipolar Family Study (BFS) a prospective longitudinal study that has examined individuals at familial risk mood healthy controls on three occasions, 2 years apart....
Abstract Childhood trauma is believed to contribute the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), however mechanism by which childhood increases risk for specific symptoms not well understood. Here, we explore relationship between trauma, brain activation in response emotional stimuli and psychotic BPD. Twenty individuals with a diagnosis BPD 16 healthy controls were recruited undergo functional MRI scan, during they viewed images faces expressing emotion fear. Participants also...