A growing body of evidence suggests that glial cells are involved in practically all aspects neural function. Glial regulate the homeostasis brain, influence development nervous system, modulate synaptic activity, and carry out immune response inside brain. In addition, they play an important role restoration system after damage, also participate various neurodegenerative disorders. a similar way, importance stress glucocorticoids (GCs) on brain function is being increasingly recognized....

Conventional neuroanatomical, immunohistochemical techniques, and electrophysiological recording, as well in vitro labeling methods may fail to detect long range extra-neurohypophyseal-projecting axons from vasopressin (AVP)-containing magnocellular neurons (magnocells) the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Here, we used vivo extracellular juxtacellular labeling, post-hoc anatomo-immunohistochemical analysis camera lucida reconstruction address this question. We demonstrate that...

Sleep deprivation (SD) affects spatial memory and proliferation in the dentate gyrus. It is unknown whether these deleterious effects persist long run. The aim of this study was to evaluate proliferation, differentiation maturation neural progenitors as well 21 days after suffering sleep deprivation. Sixty-day old male Balb/C mice were exposed 72-h REM-SD. Spatial memory, cell fate, apoptosis expression levels insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) evaluated hippocampus at 0, 14 SD...

Stress poses a challenge to the body's equilibrium and triggers series of responses that enable organisms adapt stressful stimuli. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), particularly in acute stress conditions, undergoes significant physiological changes cope with demands associated cellular activation. proto-oncogene c-fos its protein product c-Fos have long been utilized investigate effects external factors on central nervous system (CNS). While expression has traditionally attributed...

New neurons are continuously produced in most, if not all, mammals. This Neurogenesis occurs only discrete regions of the adult brain: subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular (SGZ). In these areas, there neural stem cells (NSCs), multipotent selfrenewing, which regulated by a number molecules signaling pathways that control their cell fate choices, survival proliferation rates. It was believed growth morphogenic factors were unique mediators controlled NSCs vivo. Recently, chemokines...

Anxiety and depressive symptoms are generated after paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD). However, it is not clear whether PSD produces differential effects between females males. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on anxiety- depressive-like behaviors sexes. Male female BALB/c mice were divided in three groups: control group, 48-h group 96-h group. Immediately protocols, forced swimming open field test applied. Sucrose consumption used evaluate middle-term PSD. We found that...

Stress is a pervasive health concern known to induce physiological changes, particularly impacting the vulnerable hippocampus and morphological integrity of its main residing cells, hippocampal neurons. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), initially developed alleviate emotional distress, has emerged as potential therapeutic/preventive intervention for other stress-related disorders. This study aimed investigate impact Acute Variable (AVS) on neurons protective effects EMDR....

L-Dopa is the major symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's disease, which commonly occurs in elderly patients. However, effects of chronic use on mood and cognition old subjects remain elusive. In order to compare a pulsatile treatment emotional cognitive functions young (3 months) (18 intact rats, an L-Dopa/carbidopa was administered every 12 h over 4 weeks. Rats were assessed behavioural despair (repeated forced swimming test, RFST), anhedonia (sucrose preference SPT) spatial learning (Morris...

In this experiment, we evaluated the long-term effects of noise by assessing both astrocyte changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mPFC-related alternation/discrimination tasks. Twenty-one-day-old male rats were exposed during a period 15 days to standardized rats' audiogram-fitted adaptation human noisy environment. We measured serum corticosterone (CORT) levels at end exposure periodically registered body weight gain. order evaluate exposure, assessed performance on T-maze...

In this study, we exposed adult rats to chronic variable stress (CVS) and tested the hypothesis that previous early-life exposure changes manner in which older subjects respond aversive conditions. To end, analyzed cytogenic hippocampus hippocampal-dependent spatial learning performance. The experiments were performed on 18-month-old male divided into four groups as follows: Control (old under standard laboratory conditions), Early-life (ELS; old who environmental noise from postnatal days,...

The arginine vasopressin (AVP)-magnocellular neurosecretory system (AVPMNS) in the hypothalamus plays a critical role homeostatic regulation as well allostatic motivational behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether adult neurogenesis exists AVPMNS. By using immunoreaction against AVP, neurophysin II, glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), cell division marker (Ki67), migrating neuroblast markers (doublecortin, DCX), microglial (Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, Iba1), and...

The hippocampus is a brain region crucially involved in regulating stress responses and highly sensitive to environmental changes, with elevated proliferative adaptive activity of neurons glial cells. Despite the prevalence noise as stressor, its effects on hippocampal cytoarchitecture remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed investigate impact acoustic proliferation adult male rats, using model. After 21 days exposure, our results showed abnormal cellular hippocampus, an inverse...

Background: Chronic exposure to noise induces changes on the central nervous system of exposed animals. Those affect not only auditory but also other structures indirectly related audition. The hippocampus young animals represents a potential target for these effects because its essential role in individuals' adaptation environmental challenges. Objective: aim present study was evaluate vulnerability, assessing astrocytic morphology an experimental model (EN) applied rats pre-pubescent...

Noise is one of the main sources discomfort in modern societies. It affects physiology, behavior, and cognition exposed subjects. Although effects noise on are well known, gender role noise-cognition relationship remains controversial.We analyzed ability male female rats to execute Radial Arm Water Maze (RAWM) paradigm.Male Wistar were for 3 weeks, cognitive assessed at end exposure. RAWM execution included a three-day training phase reversal-learning conducted fourth day. Escape latency,...

Noise is an inarticulate stimulus that threatens health and well-being. It compromises audition induces a strong stress response activates the brain at several levels. In present study, we expose male female rats to environmental noise in order investigate if acute or chronic stimulation produces differential activation patterns. The animals were exposed rat’s audiogram-fitted adaptation of noisy environment later sacrificed quantify expression activity marker c-fos. Additionally, serum...

Experimental procedures will continue to be a key element while going through the learning curve in use of endoscope and minimally invasive procedures. We describe technical procedure an experimental approach middle ear New Zealand rabbits external auditory canal its relevance as ideal model study graft materials serve training tool for potential applications otoneurology.A group 28 adult were subjected myringoplasty, combining transmeatal retroauricular with endoscopic assistance...

Amphetamine abuse has been conceived as an addictive illness where stress regulation and inhibitory control may be crucial factors determining chronicity relapse. Since amphetamine consumption disrupt the cerebral systems regulating inhibition behaviors, deregulation on these expected even after long-term abstinence periods. The present study aimed to evaluate ability of abstinent consumers regulate parameters inhibit cognitive patterns under acute trier social test (TSST) paradigm.A cohort...

Inducing carotid body anoxia through the administration of cyanide can result in oxygen deprivation. The lack activates cellular responses specific regions central nervous system, including Nucleus Tractus Solitarius, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala, which are regulated by afferent pathways from chemosensitive receptors. These receptors modulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor TrkB. Oxygen deprivation cause neuroinflammation brain that activated body. To investigate how...

Abstract Stress poses a challenge to the body’s equilibrium and triggers series of responses that enable organisms adapt stressful stimuli. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), particularly in acute stress conditions, undergoes significant physiological changes cope with demands associated cellular activation. proto-oncogene c-fos its protein product c-Fos have long been utilized investigate effects external factors on central nervous system (CNS). While expression has traditionally attributed...

Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP)-magnocellular neurosecretory system (AVPMNS) in the hypothalamus plays a critical role homeostatic regulation as well allostatic motivational behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether adult neurogenesis exists AVPMNS. By using immunoreaction against AVP, neurophysin II, glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), cell division marker (Ki67), migrating neuroblast markers (doublecortin, DCX), microglial Iba1, and 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), we report...