A growing body of evidence suggests that glial cells are involved in practically all aspects neural function. Glial regulate the homeostasis brain, influence development nervous system, modulate synaptic activity, and carry out immune response inside brain. In addition, they play an important role restoration system after damage, also participate various neurodegenerative disorders. a similar way, importance stress glucocorticoids (GCs) on brain function is being increasingly recognized....

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and characterized by loss dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Although causes PD are not understood, evidence suggests that its pathogenesis associated with oxidative stress inflammation. Recent studies have suggested a protective role cannabinoid signalling system PD. β-caryophyllene (BCP) natural bicyclic sesquiterpene an agonist type 2 receptor (CB2R). Previous BCP exerts prophylactic and/or curative...

Individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUD) exhibit notable deficits in executive function (EFs). In the context of abuse, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) appears to contribute these cognitive impairments significantly. Background/Objectives: However, specific neuropsychological parameters most affected by dysfunction remain poorly understood. Methods: this study, sixteen patients SUD withdrawal phase were compared twenty age-matched control subjects ascertain...

Growth factors (GFs) are cytokines that regulate the neural development. Recent evidence indicates alterations in expression level of GFs during embryogenesis linked to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this concise review, we summarize current supports role brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth 2 (IGF2), hepatocyte (HGF), glial-derived (GDNF), nerve (NGF), neurotrophins 3 4...

Sleep deprivation (SD) affects spatial memory and proliferation in the dentate gyrus. It is unknown whether these deleterious effects persist long run. The aim of this study was to evaluate proliferation, differentiation maturation neural progenitors as well 21 days after suffering sleep deprivation. Sixty-day old male Balb/C mice were exposed 72-h REM-SD. Spatial memory, cell fate, apoptosis expression levels insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) evaluated hippocampus at 0, 14 SD...

Anxiety and depressive symptoms are generated after paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD). However, it is not clear whether PSD produces differential effects between females males. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on anxiety- depressive-like behaviors sexes. Male female BALB/c mice were divided in three groups: control group, 48-h group 96-h group. Immediately protocols, forced swimming open field test applied. Sucrose consumption used evaluate middle-term PSD. We found that...

Purpose . The aim of this study was to assess the effect melatonin in proliferation neural progenitors, concentration, and antiapoptotic proteins hippocampus adult mice exposed 96 h REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) prophylactic administration for 14 days. Material Methods Five groups Balb/C were used: (1) control, (2) REMSD, (3) (10 mg/kg) plus (4) intraperitoneal luzindole (once a day at 5 (5) REMSD. To measure content hippocampal tissue we used HPLC. Bcl‐2 Bcl‐xL measured by Western Blot...

Aging is associated with detrimental cellular and cognitive changes, making it an important public health concern; yet, many of these changes may be influenced by nutritional interventions. The natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) has anti-inflammatory antioxidant effects that are mediated cannabinoid type-2 receptor activation, actions promote neuroprotection in different animal models involve a damage. Consequently, whether chronic administration BCP might prevent the age-related...

There are two well-defined neurogenic regions in the adult brain, subventricular zone (SVZ) lining lateral wall of ventricles and, subgranular (SGZ) dentate gyrus at hippocampus. Within these regions, there neural stem cells with astrocytic characteristics, which actively respond to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2 or FGF-β) by increasing their proliferation, survival and differentiation, both vivo vitro. binds receptors 1 4 (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4). Interestingly,...

The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vascular complications (VCs) is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation can result in endothelial dysfunctions. Circulating microRNAs play an important role epigenetic regulation the etiology T2DM. We studied 30 healthy volunteers, 26 T2DM patients no complications, VCs, to look for new biomarkers indicating a risk developing VCs patients. Peripheral blood samples were used determine redox state, by measuring endogenous...

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by balance problems, muscle rigidity, and slow movement due to low dopamine levels loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The endocannabinoid system known modulate nigrostriatal pathway through endogenous ligands such as anandamide (AEA), which hydrolysed fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). purpose this study was increase AEA using FAAH inhibitor URB597 evaluate modulatory effect on neuronal...

High glucocorticoid serum levels and prednisone (PDN) therapy have been associated with depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, some types of cognitive dysfunction in humans.The aim this study was to assess whether chronic (90 days) PDN administration produces disturbance learning memory retention neuronal degeneration cerebral glial changes.Male Wistar rats were studied. Controls received 0.1 ml distilled water vehicle orally. The group treated orally 5 mg/kg/d PDN, which is equivalent...

Decreased Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) brain level is one of the main biochemical disorders in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In rodents, recent data show that CHAT gene can be regulated by a neural restrictive silencer factor (NRSF). The aim present work was to evaluate and protein expression NRSF frontal, temporal, entorhinal parietal cortices AD patient brains. Four brains from patients with four subjects without dementia were studied. Cerebral tissues obtained processed guanidine...

La enfermedad de Parkinson) es un desorden neurodegenerativo caracterizado por problemas equilibro, rigidez muscular y lentitud para realizar movimiento, debido a la pérdida neuronas dopaminérgicas sustancia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) reducción los niveles dopamina. Se sabe que el sistema endocannabinoide modula funcionamiento vía nigroestriatal, través ligandos endógenos como anandamida (AEA), hidrolizado hidrolasa amida ácidos grasos (FAAH). El objetivo este trabajo consiste en aumentar...

Neural stem cells (NSC) are that have the capacity to generate multiple types of differentiated brain cells. In conditions in which there is a loss key functional cell groups, such as neurons, inducing or introducing neural replace function those were lost during disease has greatest potential therapeutic applications. Indeed, achievement one main objectives various investigations already on horizon for some conditions, Alzheimers disease. It not known whether impaired neurogenesis...

The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricular system, is largest germinal region in mammals. In there, neural stem cells express markers related to astroglial lineage that give rise new neurons and oligodendrocytes vivo. adult human brain, vitro evidence has also shown astrocytic isolated from SVZ can generate oligodendrocytes. These proliferative are strongly controlled by a number of signals molecules modulate, activate or repress cell division, renewal, proliferation fate...