A5018636895- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
Institute for the Science and Technology of Plasmas
2019-2024
National Research Council
2019-2024
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
2024
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
2023-2024
National Centre for Nuclear Research
2023
University of Milano-Bicocca
2016-2021
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca
2017-2021
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
2021
Institute of Plasma Physics
2014-2020
Royal Military Academy
2020
The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A of negative deuterium ions, deliver the plasma power about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary setup test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including full-size ion source, SPIDER, and prototype whole injector, MITICA, aiming develop injectors be installed ITER. This realization...
At present, magnetic confinement fusion devices rely solely on absolute neutron counting as a direct way of measuring power. Absolute deuterium-tritium gamma rays could provide the secondary neutron-independent technique required for validation scientific results and licensing tool future power plants. However, this approach necessitates an accurate determination gamma-ray-to-neutron branching ratio. The ratio reaction ^{3}H(^{2}H,γ)^{5}He/^{3}H(^{2}H,n)^{4}He was determined in plasmas at...
We here present the principles and main physics capabilities behind design of radial gamma ray spectrometers (RGRS) system for alpha particle runaway electron measurements at ITER. The diagnostic benefits from recent advances in gamma-ray spectrometry tokamak plasmas combines space high energy resolution a single device. RGRS as designed can provide information on particles time scale 1/10 slowing down ITER 500 MW full power DT scenario. Spectral observations 3.21 4.44 MeV peaks reaction...
SPIDER is one of the two projects ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) under construction in Padova, Italy, at Consorzio RFX premises; it will have a 100 keV beam source with full-size prototype radiofrequency (RF) ion for Injector (NBI), designed to operate pulse length up 3600 s, featuring ITER-like filter field configuration, caesium oven layout and wide set diagnostics.These features allow reproducing operation like as cannot be done any other existing test facility.SPIDER realization...
An overview of the recent operations and main results cesium injection in Source for Production Ions Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) negative ion source are described this contribution. In experiments without injection, all SPIDER plants were tested to verify basic expectations on operational parameters (e.g., electron cooling effectiveness magnetic filter field) determine its region. For beam properties, it was shown that current density varies across vertical direction....
A prototype Single crystal Diamond Detector (SDD) was installed at the Joint European Torus (JET) in 2013 along an oblique line of sight and demonstrated possibility to carry out neutron spectroscopy measurements with good energy resolution detector stability discharges heated by neutral beam injection radio-frequency waves. Starting from these positive results, within Vertical Neutron Spectrometer project Torus, we have developed a pixelated instrument consisting matrix 12 independent SDDs,...
Abstract The Joint European Torus (JET) has recently conducted its second deuterium–tritium (DT) experimental campaign DTE2, providing unique opportunity for studying both physics and engineering aspects of nuclear fusion plasmas. This also allowed the exploitation new diagnostics technologies that were not available during first JET DT held in 1997. Among these instruments, enhancement projects lead to development installation synthetic single crystal diamond detectors along different...
Gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements at MHz counting rates have been carried out, for the first time, with a compact spectrometer based on LaBr3 scintillator and silicon photomultipliers. The instrument, which is also insensitive to magnetic fields, has developed in view of upgrade gamma-ray camera diagnostic α particle deuterium-tritium plasmas Joint European Torus. Spectra were measured up 2.9 projected energy resolution 3%-4% 3-5 MeV range, interest fast ion physics studies fusion plasmas....
The ITER project requires additional heating provided by two neutral beam injectors using 40 A negative deuterium ions accelerated at 1 MV. As the requirements have never been experimentally met, a test facility is under construction Consorzio RFX, which hosts experiments: SPIDER, full-size 100 kV ion source prototype, and MITICA, MeV injector prototype. Since diagnostics in will be mainly limited to thermocouples, due neutron gamma radiation access, it crucial thoroughly investigate...
Neutron spectroscopy measurements with a single crystal diamond detector have been carried out at JET, for the first time in an experiment aimed accelerating deuterons to MeV energies radio frequency heating third harmonic. Data are interpreted by means of expected response function and used extract parameters highly non-Maxwellian distribution generated this scenario. A comparison observations using flight liquid scintillator neutron spectrometers is also presented. The results demonstrate...
In this work, we describe the solution developed by gamma ray camera upgrade enhancement project to improve spectroscopic properties of existing JET γ-ray camera. Aim is enable gamma-ray spectroscopy in deuterium-tritium plasmas. A dedicated pilot spectrometer based on a LaBr3 crystal coupled silicon photo-multiplier has been developed. proper pole zero cancellation network able shorten output signal length 120 ns implemented allowing for at MHz count rates. The system characterized...
The paper describes a new compact neutron spectrometer optimized for the detection of 2.5 MeV neutrons fusion plasma applications. first spectroscopy measurements on nuclear experiment (EAST) with this detector are also reported together data interpretation. allowed separating different emission components from and to validate effectiveness Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) heating. A possible improvement diagnostic has been identified in order increase sensitivity weak spectrum, such as those...
The research of reliable substitutes 3He detectors is an important task for the affordability new neutron scattering instrumentation future spallation sources like European Spallation Source. GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier)-based represent a valid alternative since they can combine high-rate capability, coverage up to area and good intrinsic spatial resolution (for this detector class it be better than 0.5 mm). first diffraction measurements performed using borated are reported. has active...
Among other neutron detector systems proposed as a possible substitute for 3He tubes, GEM-based ones have shown appealing characteristics, when coupled with suitable neutron-converter cathodes. In this paper, we present the results of in high-flux environment (the ORPHÉE reactor Saclay), especially terms maximum rate capability and linearity. Recorded data show that can manage counting rates order 50 × 106 counts/sec cm2 while maintaining reasonable linearity no sign instability.
The Source for Production of Ion Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) test facility is under construction in Padova to optimise the operation beam source ITER neutral injectors. SPIDER will be characterised by instrumented calorimeter STRIKE, whose main components are one-directional carbon-fibre-carbon-composite tiles. A small-scale version entire system has been employed BAvarian Test MAchine Negative ions (BATMAN) testbed arranging two prototype tiles vertical direction. paper...
The so-called '3He-crisis' has motivated the neutron detector community to undertake an intense R&D programme in order develop technologies alternative standard 3He tubes and suitable for detection systems future spallation sources such as European source (ESS).
The experimental thermal neutron cross sections of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids have been measured over incident-neutron energy range spanning from 1 meV to 10 keV and data interpreted using multi-phonon expansion based on first-principles calculations. scattering section, dominated by incoherent inelastic contribution hydrogen atoms, can be rationalised in terms average contributions different functional groups, thus neglecting their correlation. These results used for modelling total...
The new collective Thomson scattering diagnostic installed on the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade device started its first operations in 2014. ongoing experiments investigate presence of signals synchronous with rotating tearing mode islands, possibly due to parametric decay processes, and phenomena affecting electron cyclotron beam absorption or measurements. radiometric system, layout, data acquisition system were improved accordingly. present status near-term developments are presented.
New high-count-rate detectors are required for future spallation neutron sources where large-area and high-efficiency (|$>$|50%) envisaged. In this framework, Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is one of the detector technologies being explored, since it features good spatial resolution (|$<$|0.5 cm) timing properties, has excellent rate capability (MHz/mm|$^{2})$| can cover large areas (some m|$^{2})$| at low cost. BAND-GEM (boron array GEM) approach a 3D geometry converter cathode was...
The ITER project requires additional heating provided by two injectors of neutral beams resulting from the neutralisation accelerated negative ions. To study and optimise ion production, SPIDER test facility (particle energy 100keV; beam current 50A) is under construction in Padova, with aim testing characteristics to verify source proper operation. will be characterised instrumented calorimeter STRIKE, whose main components are one-directional carbon fibre composite tiles. Some prototype...
Abstract A gas electron multiplier (GEM)-based detector was utilized for the first time on a spherical tokamak, MAST-U, during 2023 campaign to investigate soft x-ray (SXR) radiation (1–20 keV) emitted from plasma. GEM detectors, chosen their resilience harsh fusion environments and ability provide energy-resolved ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>...
A new compact gamma-ray spectrometer was developed in order to optimise the measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation emitted from runaway electrons MeV range. The detector is based on a cerium doped lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO:Ce) scintillator coupled silicon photomultiplier and insensitive magnetic fields. dedicated electronic board signal readout as well for online control device. combines dynamic range up 10 with moderate energy non-linearity, counting rate capabilities excess...
Abstract Neutron spallation sources always require new instrument upgrades and innovations in order to improve the quality of their experiments. In this framework, capability accurately measure total neutron cross sections at VESUVIO ISIS Facility can be boosted by a tailored transmission detector. For reason, first double ceramic thick GEM detector has been realised. Detectors based on technology are broadly developed thanks characteristics, such as good spatial resolution (< 0.5 mm),...