A5028995568- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Muon and positron interactions and applications
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Nuclear and radioactivity studies
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
- Real-time simulation and control systems
- Various Chemistry Research Topics
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
Fusion for Energy
2023
ITER
2008-2016
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
2012
CEA Cadarache
2000-2011
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
2000-2011
University of Oulu
2011
Institute for Plasma Research
2011
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
1978-2007
Culham Science Centre
1976-2007
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
2005
The ITER neutral beam (NB) injectors are the first that will have to operate under conditions and constraints similar those be encountered in a fusion reactor. These hostile radiation environment they become highly radioactive due neutron flux from ITER. use single large ion source accelerator produce 40 A 1 MeV D − beams for pulse lengths of up 3600 s. Significant design changes been made heating NB (HNB) injector over past 4 years. main are: Modifications allow installation maintenance...
The heating neutral beam injectors (HNBs) of ITER are designed to deliver 16.7 MW 1 MeV D0 or 0.87 H0 the plasma for up 3600 s. They will be most powerful (NB) ever, delivering higher energy NBs in a tokamak longer than any previous systems have done. design HNBs is based on acceleration and neutralisation negative ions as efficiency conversion accelerated positive so low at required that realistic not possible, whereas H− D− remains acceptable (≈56%).
The ITER neutral beam injectors are the first to be designed operate under conditions and constraints similar those that will encountered with a fusion reactor. use single large ion source accelerator produce 40A D− 1MeV beams for pulse lengths of up 3600s. accelerated neutralized in gas (D2) neutralizer which is subdivided into four vertical channels reduce flow needed optimum target neutralization. These have hostile radiation environment they become highly radioactive due neutron flux...
The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A of negative deuterium ions, deliver the plasma power about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary setup test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including full-size ion source, SPIDER, and prototype whole injector, MITICA, aiming develop injectors be installed ITER. This realization...
A steady-state flowing afterglow method has been used to measure rate coefficients for ion-neutral reactions involving rare-gas ions. In particular the technique extended with neon The are collisions of He+ N2, O2, CO2, CO, NO, H2, Ar, Kr, Xe, NH3 and CH4; Ar+ CH4 Ne+ O2. analysis experimental data is given in some detail.
Abstract The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (PRIMA) is presently under construction at Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italy). PRIMA includes two experimental devices: an ITER-size ion source with low voltage extraction, called SPIDER, and the full prototype of whole Heating Beams (HNBs), MITICA. purpose MITICA to demonstrate that all operational parameters HNB accelerator can be experimentally achieved, thus establishing a large step forward in performances neutral beam injectors comparison present...
Physics knowledge (theory and experiment) in energetic particles relevant to design of a reactor scale tokamak is reviewed, projections for ITER are provided this Chapter the Basis. The review includes single particle effects such as classical alpha heating toroidal field ripple loss, well collective instabilities that might be generated plasmas by particles. overall conclusion fusion expected provide an efficient plasma ignition sustained burn next step device. major concern localized heat...
AbstractThe development of the neutral injection (NI) system for Joint European Torus and its status in 1985 are reported. First parameters discussed layout is described, followed by a summary physics design calculations, development, production, testing components subsystem assembly. The commissioning presented subsequently, including description function realization NI test bed. A performance predictions 80-keV beam heating experiments, experimental evidence on balanced versus coinjection,...
The negative ion electrostatic accelerator for the neutral beam injector of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is designed to deliver a deuterium current 40 A at 1 MeV. Inside there are several types interactions that may create secondary particles. dominating process originates from single and double stripping accelerated by collision with residual molecular gas ($\ensuremath{\simeq}29%$ losses). resulting particles (positive ions, neutrals, electrons) deflected...
A detailed kinetic analysis of the approach to and attainment equilibrium in proton transfer reactions proceeding a flowing afterglow at 300°K has been developed by extending existing analyses for ion molecule include axial diffusion back reaction. The applied experimental data obtained H3+ + N2⇄N2H+ H2 CO2H+ CH4⇄CH5+ CO2 large excess gas. latter reaction was investigated independently both directions. forward reverse rate constants, kf kr, were uniquely determined under nonequilibrium...
A flowing afterglow apparatus has been used to measure Penning ionization cross sections for collisions of He 2 3S metastable atoms with Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, O2, NO, CO, CH4, CO2 and NH3. Two different experimental methods have employed. In the first is modulated density measured by line absorption, while in second this monitored ions produced a reaction. Using rigid-sphere approximation collision section, probability per derived. cases NH3 near unity.
The positive or negative ion sources which form the primary components of neutral beam injection systems used in controlled nuclear fusion using magnetic confinement have to meet simultaneously several demanding requirements. This paper describes underlying physics modern sources, provide required high proton fraction (>90%) and current density (/spl ap/2 kA/m/sup 2/) at a low source pressure (0.4 Pa) with electrical efficiency uniformity across accelerator grids. development are if energy...
Abstract The physics design of the accelerator for heating neutral beamline on ITER is now finished and this paper describes considerations choices which constitute basis design. Equal acceleration gaps 88 mm have been chosen to improve voltage holding capability while keeping beam divergence low. Kerbs (metallic plates around groups apertures, attached downstream surface grids) are used compensate beamlet–beamlet interaction point beamlets in right direction. A novel magnetic configuration...
SPIDER is one of the two projects ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) under construction in Padova, Italy, at Consorzio RFX premises; it will have a 100 keV beam source with full-size prototype radiofrequency (RF) ion for Injector (NBI), designed to operate pulse length up 3600 s, featuring ITER-like filter field configuration, caesium oven layout and wide set diagnostics.These features allow reproducing operation like as cannot be done any other existing test facility.SPIDER realization...
Neutral beam injection has been the most successful scheme used to heat magnetically confined plasmas studied in controlled nuclear fusion research, and neutral beams are a candidate ignition International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER). This article describes system which is presently being designed Europe, Japan, Russia, with coordination by Joint Central Team of ITER at Naka, Japan. The proposed consists three negative ion based injectors, delivering total 50 MW 1 MeV D0 plasma for...
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Following the allocation of procurement diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) to Indian DA, a series tasks have been undertaken first assess DNB configuration and arrive at an optimal beam-line folding in gas-feed vacuum-pumping requirements. Specific emphasis is placed on thermal, structural, electrical designs components, order ensure their compatibility with criteria specified for ITER vessel i.e.,...
The powerful diagnostic tool of optical emission spectroscopy is used to measure the plasma parameters in negative hydrogen ion sources based on surface mechanism. Results for electron temperature, density, atomic-to-molecular density ratio, and gas temperature are presented two types sources, a rf source an arc source, which currently under development neutral beam heating system ITER. amount cesium volume obtained from radiation: Cs five ten orders magnitude lower than three front grid. It...
The flowing afterglow technique has been employed in measurements of the rate and equilibrium constants at 296 ± 2 K for reactions type[Formula: see text]and[Formula: text]where R 1 may be H, CH 3 , or C H 5 . constant provided absolute values intrinsic (gas-phase) acidities Brønsted acids NH (CH ) NH, N, heats formation their conjugate bases, electron affinities corresponding radicals N. Proton removal energies, ΔG 0 298 /(kcal mol −1 ), were determined to 395.7 0.7 [Formula: text] 391.7...
The flowing afterglow measurements of the equilibrium constants for selected proton transfer reactions have been extended to temperatures other than room temperature in order completely specify thermodynamics such reactions. van't Hoff analysis data reaction CO2H++CH4⇄ CH5++CO2 results a value standard enthalpy change, ΔH° (196 553°K), −0.064±0.004 eV and entropy ΔS° +1.4±0.6 e.u. Studies N2OH++CO⇄ COH++N2O led −0.151±0.009 (277 505°K) −1.8±1.1 505°K). is direct measure difference between...