The relation of intakes specific fatty acids and the risk coronary heart disease was examined in a cohort 21,930 smoking men aged 50–69 years who were initially free diagnosed cardiovascular disease. All participated Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study completed detailed validated dietary questionnaire at baseline. After 6.1 follow-up from 1985–1988, authors documented 1,399 major events 635 deaths. controlling for age, supplement group, several factors, total...

In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreased prostate cancer incidence, whereas beta-carotene increased risk of lung and total mortality. Postintervention follow-up provides information regarding duration intervention effects may reveal potential late these antioxidants.To analyze postintervention on incidence cause-specific mortality.Postintervention assessment mortality (6 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 1999]) (8...

Background Even though dietary fiber has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, few large epidemiological studies have examined this relation with good methodology. Methods and Results The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial daily supplementation α-tocopherol and/or beta-carotene. Of participants, 21 930 smoking men aged 50 69 years who were free diagnosed cardiovascular disease had...

Antioxidants may protect against atherosclerosis and thus prevent cerebrovascular disease. We studied the association between dietary antioxidants subtypes of stroke.The study cohort consisted 26 593 male smokers, aged 50 to 69 years, without a history stroke. They were participants Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study in Finland. The men completed validated questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases identified through national registers.During 6.1-year follow-up,...

Objective: Data on the health benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) are derived mainly from use conjugated equine estrogens. Estradiol-based regimens may have a different risk-benefit profile. We evaluated risk death caused by coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or any among users estradiol-based HT in nationwide study Finland. Methods: A total 489,105 women who used 1994 to 2009 (3.3 million exposure years), as indicated reimbursement register national Cause Death...

Current guidelines recommend annual discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) to evaluate whether a woman could manage without the treatment. The impact HT on cardiovascular health has been widely studied, but it is not known how withdrawal affects risk.We evaluated risk cardiac or stroke death after HT. Design, Patients, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: Altogether 332 202 Finnish women discontinuing between 1994 2009 (data from National Reimbursement register) were...

We evaluated the accuracy and time to reporting of cancer diagnoses obtained through Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR) for Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Prevention (ATBC) Study in 1985-1997. In ATBC suspect neoplasms were centrally reviewed medical records pathology specimens. The FCR data compared against 3600 cancers eight sites. For most sites, 95% cases reported within 0.9 years with longer delays lung pancreatic cancers. Ninety-six percent all received same primary site diagnosis review,...

<b>Objective</b>&nbsp;To evaluate the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Retrospective cohort study using propensity score matched cohorts. <b>Settings</b>&nbsp;Healthcare databases from Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom. Data comprised country specific datasets of linked records on prescriptions, hospitals, general practitioners, cancer, deaths. <b>Participants</b>&nbsp;Patients diabetes who initiated...

The “window of opportunity hypothesis” refers to data indicating that conjugated equine estrogen alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate, if initiated before 60 years age, protects the heart but endangers it later (Women's Health Initiative study). Less is known about natural estradiol (ET) various progestins (EPT). We related death risk from coronary disease (CHD) users ET EPT age at initiation therapy and progestin component EPT. Altogether, 498 105 women had used...

Clinical trials in oncology often allow patients randomized to placebo cross over the active treatment arm after disease progression, leading underestimation of effect on overall survival as per intention-to-treat analysis. We illustrate statistical aspects and practical use rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) model with Fleming–Harrington family tests estimate crossover-corrected effect, assess its sensitivity various weighting schemes RECORD-1 trial. The results suggest that...

To assess whether coronary heart disease mortality in Finnish hormone therapy (HT) users differed before and after 2002 when the Women's Health Initiative study was published.The risks of death HT relation to age-matched background population were compared between pre- (1995-2001) post- (2002-2009) eras. We used a nationwide register on (ie, estradiol with or without progestin) reimbursement linked them causes 290,272 women aged 40 years older.Exposure for 1 year less accompanied by 29%...

Objectives Describe and compare the risk of cardiovascular non-cardiovascular mortality in patients whose antidiabetic therapy is modified to include pioglitazone compared with an alternative medication at same stage disease progression. Research design methods This exploratory linked database cohort analysis used pooled health data from three European countries: Finland, Sweden UK. Propensity score together exact matching was match 31 133 type 2 diabetes first prescribed 2000 2011, never...

ABSTRACT Objective Long‐acting basal insulin analogs have demonstrated positive effects on the balance between effective glycemic control and risk of hypoglycemia versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) in randomized controlled trials. Evidence severe hypoglycemic with detemir, glargine, or NPH is presented from a nationwide retrospective database study. Research design methods Data hospital secondary healthcare visits due to coma 75 682 insulin‐naïve type 1 2 diabetes patients initiating...

Does the use of post-menopausal vaginal estradiol (VE) affect mortality risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. The VE reduces cardiovascular mortality. A growing number women genitourinary symptoms. Although this therapy is intended to have only local effects, estrogen absorbed into blood circulation thus may also systemic effects. We studied a nationwide cohort in Finland 1994–2009 during which (n = 195 756) initiated (age [mean ± SD] 65.7 10.9 years). Follow-up data gathered 1.4...

The most important management strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is preventing stroke with oral anticoagulants. Warfarin still used as a first-line anticoagulant, although non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants are currently recommended to manage AF. Using large, unselected national sample of AF patients, we evaluated the relationships between quality warfarin therapy and risks thromboembolism, bleeding complications, mortality.The nationwide FinWAF study included 54 568 taking...

Estimate and compare the risk of mortality in patients whose antidiabetic therapy is modified to include pioglitazone compared with an alternative medication at same stage disease progression.Retrospective cohort study.Pooled analysis clinical data collected from primary and/or secondary care settings four European countries: Finland, The Netherlands, Sweden UK .56 337 type 2 diabetes mellitus first prescribed between 2000 2011, 56 never matched by treatment stage, history diabetes,...

Different methods for estimating the effect of treatment actually received in a longitudinal placebo-controlled trial with non-compliance are discussed. Total mortality from ATBC Study is used as an illustrative example. In some 25 per cent participants dropped out active follow-up prior to scheduled end study. The ‘intention-to-treat’ analysis showed increased death risk beta-carotene arm when compared no arm. Owing considerable it also interest estimate received. We use simple model action...

Six trained Standardbred trotters exercised on a racetrack 2 days with 3‐day interval. On both exercise the horses trotted three different bouts increasing intensity 60‐min intervals. Exercise‐induced stress was manifested as leucocytosis, an increase in neutrophil : lymphocyte (N L) ratio, and increased capacity to produce reactive oxygen species peripheral blood indicated by whole chemiluminescence. The leucocytosis mainly due neutrophilia, which lasted for 6 h. Production of per single...

Background and Purpose— In the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, alpha tocopherol supplementation decreased risk of cerebral infarction by 14% (95% CI, −25% to −1%), beta carotene increased intracerebral hemorrhage 62% 10% 132%). We report here 6-year postintervention effects on stroke its subtypes. Methods— A total 29 133 male smokers, aged 50 69 years, were randomized receive mg tocopherol, 20 carotene, both, or placebo daily for 5 8 years. At beginning post-trial...