In order to make it possible effectively represent deterministic uncertainties and vagueness as well the human subjective observation judgement inherent many real-world problems, especially those in biomedicine, we introduce, this paper, fuzzy states events generalize (crisp) discrete event systems (DES) DES. The largely graph-based current framework of crisp DES is unsuitable for expansion, have thus reformulated using state vectors transition matrices which can be extended by allowing...

Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy systems have been employed as controllers and models in successfully solving difficult control modeling problems practice. Virtually all the TS use linear rule consequent. At present, there exist no results (qualitative or quantitative) to answer fundamentally important question that is especially critical models, "Are with consequent universal approximators?" If yes, then how can they be constructed achieve prespecified approximation accuracy what are sufficient...

In this note, we investigate the detectability problem in discrete event systems. We assume that do not know initially which state system is in. The to determine current and subsequent states of based on a sequence observations. observation includes partial and/or observation, leads four possible cases. further define types detectabilities: strong detectability, (weak) periodic detectability. derive necessary sufficient conditions for these detectabilities. These can be checked by...

In this paper, we propose to improve the verification performance of a contract-free palmprint recognition system by means feature- level image registration and pixel-level fusion multi-spectral palm images. Our method involves acquisition via dedicated device under contact-free environment, preprocessing locate region interest (ROI) from each individual hand images, feature-level align ROIs different spectral images in one sequence combine multiple spectra. The advantages proposed include...

Research results on type-2 (T2) fuzzy control have started to emerge in the literature over past several years. None of these results, however, are concerned with explicit input-output mathematical structure a T2 controller. As type-1 (T1) has demonstrated, revealing such information is important as it will deepen our precise understanding how and why controllers function context theory lay foundation for more rigorous system analysis design. In this paper, we derive two Mamdani interval...

We have constructively proved a general class of multi-input single-output Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy systems to be universal approximators. The use any types continuous sets, logic AND, rules with linear rule consequent and the generalized defuzzifier. first prove that TS can uniformly approximate multivariate polynomial arbitrarily well, then they also function well. derived formula for computing minimal upper bounds on number sets necessary achieve prespecified approximation accuracy given...

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have attracted a lot of attention due to environmental and efficiency reasons. Typically, an HEV combines two power trains, conventional source such as gasoline engine, diesel or fuel cell stack, drive system (involving motor generator) produce driving with potential higher economy than vehicles. Furthermore, do not require external charging thus work within the existing fueling infrastructures. The power-split train configuration has individual advantages...

With the increased emphasis on improving fuel economy and reducing emissions, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have emerged as very strong candidates to achieve these goals. The power-split system, which is a complex powertrain, exhibits great potential improve by determining most efficient regions for engine operation thereby high-voltage (HV) battery overall vehicle efficiency optimization. To control maintain actual HV power, sophisticated system essential, controls power speed desired...

Early detection of unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in postmarketing surveillance saves lives and prevents harmful consequences. We propose a novel data mining approach to signaling potential ADRs from electronic health databases. More specifically, we introduce causal association rules (PCARs) represent the relationship between ICD-9 (CDC. (2010). International Classification Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd9.html) coded signs or...

Type-2 (T2) fuzzy controllers are emerging as the related T2 logic, and algorithms have recently been advancing rapidly. At present, a controller is viewed used black-box function generator that produces desired nonlinear mapping between input output of (we call analytical structure). The mathematical expression structure, however, not explicitly known to designer. This in sharp contrast with structure conventional controller, which only always known, but serves starting point for system...

Currently, there are approximately 170 million hyperuricemia patients in China. Conventional drug therapy has limited clinical benefits and may induce serious side effects. Enzyme replacement attracted much attention owing to its advantages of strong specificity, small dosage, remarkable curative effect. Uricase is an efficient oxidase, which can oxidize uric acid allantoin hydrogen peroxide, reduce the level. In this study, we used a mild biomimetic method prepare novel uricase horseradish...

The fundamental difference between an interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy controller and a type-1 is the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) IT2 set. In this paper, we study how FOUs affect analytical structure (i.e., input-output mathematical relationship) broad class Mamdani takagi-sugeno (TS) controllers. controllers employ arbitrary rules, Karnik-Mendel (KM) or Enhanced KM type-reducer, minimum AND operator, centroid defuzzifier. utilize commonly used sets for their input variables any kind output...

Both Takagi-Sugeno (TS) and Mamdani fuzzy systems are known to be universal approximators. We investigate whether one type of approximators is more economical than the other. The TS typical two-input single-output systems. first establish necessary conditions on minimal system configuration as function show that number input sets rules needed by depend locations extrema approximated. resulting reveal strength drawback, though, a large must employed approximate periodic or highly oscillatory...

We investigated the analytical structure of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy controllers, which was unavailable in literature. The TS controllers we studied employ a new and simplified control rule scheme all consequent use common function are proportional to one another, greatly reducing number parameters needed rules. Other components general: arbitrary input sets, any logic, generalized defuzzifier, contains popular centroid defuzzifier as special case. proved that these were nonlinear...