A5042572737- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Sex work and related issues
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- School Health and Nursing Education
- Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2013-2024
Habitat for Humanity
2024
Maseno University
2019-2024
University of Notre Dame
2021-2023
Michigan State University
2023
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2018-2021
Abt Associates (Nepal)
2021
Vector (United States)
2021
Aga Khan Hospital, Kisumu
2021
The White House
2019-2020
Abstract Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) contributed significantly to the decline in malaria since 2000. Their protective efficacy depends not only on access, use, and net integrity, but also location of people within home environment mosquito biting profiles. Anopheline human data were integrated identify potential gaps protection better understand transmission dynamics Busia County, western Kenya. Methods Direct observation activities landing catches (HLC) performed hourly...
Long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (LLINs) are a primary malaria prevention strategy in sub-Saharan Africa. However, emergence of insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness LLINs. Cross-sectional surveys LLINs were conducted houses seven and four villages Gem Bungoma Districts western Kenya, respectively. Condition (number area holes nets), number species mosquitoes resting inside them, insecticidal activity quantified. Mosquitoes collected allowed to lay eggs progeny...
Abstract Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides is a major vector control strategy for malaria prevention. We evaluated the impact single round IRS with organophosphate, pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic 300CS), on entomological and parasitological parameters in Migori County, western Kenya 2017, an area where primary vectors are resistant to pyrethroids but susceptible compound. Entomological monitoring was conducted by indoor CDC light trap, pyrethrum spray catches (PSC) human landing...
In 2017, more than 5 million house structures were sprayed through the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, protecting 21 people in sub-Saharan Africa. New IRS formulations, SumiShield™ 50WG and Fludora Fusion™ WP-SB, became World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified vector control products 2017 2018, respectively. Both formulations contain neonicotinoid active ingredient, clothianidin. The target site of neonicotinoids represents a novel mode action for control, meaning that...
Abstract The Anopheles stephensi mosquito is an invasive malaria vector recently reported in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, and Ghana. World Health Organization has called on countries Africa to increase surveillance efforts detect report this institute appropriate effective control mechanisms. In Kenya, the Division of National Malaria Program conducted entomological counties at risk for An. invasion. addition, Kenya Medical Research Institute molecular all sampled mosquitoes...
Abstract Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector that endemic to south Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. It was recently reported in Horn of Africa countries including Djibouti (2012), Ethiopia, Sudan (2019), Somalia (2019) most Nigeria (2020). This mosquito a competent for both Plasmodium falciparum P. vivax. characterized by high degree behavioral plasticity ability reproduce various types breeding sites containers therefore has potential propagate transmission rapidly urbanizing...
Abstract Background Children in Kenya spend a substantial amount of time at school, including dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are active. With changing vector behaviour towards early morning biting, it is important to determine whether there an additional risk transmission schools. This study sought understand late biting by Anopheles funestus , previously documented households western Kenya, was replicated Methods From the 4th 6th August 2023, human landing collections were conducted hourly...
Abstract Background Spatial repellents are widely used for prevention of mosquito bites and evidence is building on their public health value, but efficacy against malaria incidence has never been evaluated in Africa. To address this knowledge gap, a trial to evaluate the Mosquito Shield™, spatial repellent incorporating transfluthrin, was developed implementation Busia County, western Kenya where long-lasting insecticidal net coverage high baseline transmission moderate year-round. Methods...
As currently implemented, malaria vector surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa targets endophagic and endophilic mosquitoes, leaving exophagic (outdoor blood-feeding) mosquitoes underrepresented. We evaluated the recently developed host decoy trap (HDT) compared it to gold standard, human landing catch (HLC), a 3 × Latin square study design outdoors western Kenya. HLCs are considered represent natural range of Anopheles biting-behaviour other sampling tools, therefore, principle, provide most...
High‐dose ivermectin, co‐administered for 3 days with dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine ( DP ), killed mosquitoes feeding on individuals at least 28 posttreatment in a recent trial IVERMAL whereas 7 was predicted pretrial. The current study assessed the relationship between ivermectin blood concentrations and observed mosquitocidal effects against Anopheles gambiae s.s . Three of 0, 300, or 600 mcg/kg/day plus randomly assigned to 141 adults uncomplicated malaria Kenya. During follow‐up, 1,393...
Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSB) have been demonstrated to result in significant reductions malaria vector numbers areas of scarce vegetation cover such as Mali and Israel, but it is not clear whether an effect can be replicated environments where mosquitoes a wide range options for sugar resources. The current study evaluated the attractiveness predominant flowering plants Asembo Siaya County, western Kenya comparison ATSB developed by Westham Co. Sixteen most common area were...
Innovative approaches are needed to complement existing tools for malaria elimination. Ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic endectocide clinically used onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis control at single doses of 150 200 mcg/kg. It also shortens the lifespan mosquitoes that feed on individuals recently treated with ivermectin. However, effect after mcg/kg oral dose short-lived (6 11 days). Modeling suggests higher doses, which prolong mosquitocidal effects, make significant...
Following agricultural use and large-scale distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), malaria vector resistance to pyrethroids is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Interceptor® G2 a new dual active ingredient (AI) ITN treated with alpha-cypermethrin chlorfenapyr for the control pyrethroid-resistant vectors. In anticipation these being more widely distributed, testing was conducted develop susceptibility bioassay protocol gather information.Bottle tests were using five concentrations at...
Human habitats remain the main point of human-vector interaction leading to malaria transmission despite sustained use insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Simple structural modifications involving screening doors, windows eaves have great potential for reducing entry mosquitoes. Moreover, insecticide treatment screen material may provide additional benefit in mosquito population reduction.
Parent-adolescent communication about sexual matters is one of the means that encourages adolescents to adopt responsible behaviour. However, parents do not discuss with and those who some extent; little information sexuality provided. This study, was, therefore aimed find out factors hindered from communicating their adolescent children on matters. A descriptive, cross sectional study employing both quantitative qualitative approaches was utilized. Simple random sampling used select...
Abstract Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) are a potential vector control tool that exploits the sugar-feeding behaviour of mosquitoes. We evaluated Anopheles mosquitoes as part baseline studies for cluster randomised controlled trials ATSBs. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors from two villages in western Kenya using prokopack aspirations, malaise tent traps ultraviolet (UV) light traps. Individual subjected to cold anthrone test assess presence sugar. Overall, 15.7% had...
Abstract Introduction Longitudinal monitoring of outdoor-biting malaria vector populations is becoming increasingly important in understanding the dynamics residual transmission. However, human landing catch (HLC), gold standard for measuring biting rates indoors and outdoors, costly raises ethical concerns related to increased risk infectious bites among collectors. Consequently, routine data on outdoor-feeding mosquito are usually limited because lack a scalable tool with similar...
Abstract Background Despite the scale-up of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, bulk malaria transmission in western Kenya still occurs indoors, late at night. House improvement is a potential long-term solution to further reduce region. Methods The impact eave screening on mosquito densities was evaluated two rural villages Kenya. One-hundred-and-twenty pairs structurally similar, neighbouring houses were used study. In each pair, one house randomly selected receive...
Abstract Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector recently reported in Djibouti (2012), Ethiopia, Sudan (2019), Somalia (2019) and most Nigeria (2020). The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on all countries to scale up surveillance efforts detect report invasion by this institute appropriate effective control mechanisms. In Kenya, the Division for National Malaria Program (DNMP) conduct entomological counties at risk of An. invasion. These were supported molecular sampled...
Ivermectin is being considered for mass drug administration malaria, due to its ability kill mosquitoes feeding on recently treated individuals. In a recent trial, 3-day courses of 300 and 600 mcg/kg/day were shown Anopheles at least 28 days post-treatment when fed patients' venous blood using membrane assays. Direct skin humans may lead higher mosquito mortality, as ivermectin capillary concentrations are higher. We compared mortality following direct feeding.
Over the last two decades, scale-up of vector control and changes in first-line anti-malarial, from chloroquine (CQ) to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) then artemether-lumefantrine (AL), have resulted significant decreases malaria burden western Kenya. This study evaluated long-term effects interventions on molecular markers Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance using parasites obtained humans mosquitoes at discrete time points.Dried blood spot samples collected 2012 2017 community surveys...
Spatial repellents (SR) may complement current vector control tools and provide additional coverage when people are not under their bednets or outdoors. Here we assessed the efficacy of a metofluthrin-based SR in reducing exposure to pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus Siaya County, western Kenya.
Abstract Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets have shown significant epidemiological impact over pyrethroid-only and pyrethroid plus piperonal-butoxide (PBO) in Africa. Here we describe a non-inferiority evaluation of PermaNet Dual, new chlorfenapyr deltamethrin net, compared to Interceptor G2, experimental huts Siaya, Kenya against free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus . Mosquitoes were assessed for blood feeding then monitored immediate knockdown 1-hour post collection delayed...
Spread of the Anopheles stephensi mosquito, an invasive malaria vector, threatens to put additional 126 million persons per year in Africa at risk for malaria. To accelerate early detection and rapid response this mosquito species, confirming its presence geographic extent is critical. However, existing molecular species assays require specialized laboratory equipment, interpretation, sequencing confirmation. We developed optimized a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay...