A5003935045- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Slime Mold and Myxomycetes Research
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- American Environmental and Regional History
- Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
University of Iowa
2013-2024
University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire
2014-2023
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank
2012-2021
Lafayette College
2010-2012
University of Wisconsin–Madison
1969-2010
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2005
University of California, San Francisco
2003
Whitney Museum of American Art
1999
Yale University
1999
University of California, San Diego
1997
Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here we report genome sequences six and compare these related pathogens non-pathogens. There significant expansions cell wall, secreted transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence. Large genomic tracts homozygous three diploid possibly resulting from recent recombination events. Surprisingly, key components mating meiosis pathways missing several...
In this study we established the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting for epidemiology tuberculosis on basis polymorphism generated by insertion sequence (IS) IS986. Although clinical isolates Mycobacterium displayed a remarkably high degree restriction fragment length polymorphism, showed that transposition IS element is an extremely rare event in M. complex strains grown either vitro or vivo long periods time. The and africanum tested contained 6 to 17 copies. bovis strains, copy numbers...
A second high-frequency switching system was identified in selected pathogenic strains the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. In characterized strain WO-1, cells switched heritably, reversibly, and at a high frequency (approximately 10(-2] between two phenotypes readily distinguishable by size, shape, color of colonies formed on agar 25 degrees C. this system, referred to as "white-opaque transition," either "white" hemispherical colonies, which were similar ones standard laboratory albicans,...
The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans switches heritably and at high frequency between least seven general phenotypes identified by colony morphology on agar. Spontaneous conversion from the original smooth to variant (star, ring, irregular wrinkle, hat, stipple, fuzzy) occurs a combined of 1.4 X 10(-4), but is increased 200 times low dose ultraviolet light that kills less than 10 percent cells. After initial conversion, cells switch spontaneously other 2 10(-2). Switching therefore...
The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta plays an important role in antifungal immunity; however, the mechanisms by which fungal pathogens trigger secretion are unclear. In this study we show that infection with Candida albicans is sensed Nlrp3 inflammasome, resulting subsequent release of IL-1beta. ability C. to switch from a unicellular yeast form into filamentous essential for activation as mutants incapable forming hyphae were defective their induce macrophage IL- 1beta secretion....
Select strains of Candida albicans switch reversibly and at extremely high frequency between a white an opaque colony-forming phenotype, which has been referred to as the white-opaque transition. Cells in phase exhibit cellular phenotype indistinguishable from that most standard C. albicans, but cells unusually large, elongate shape. In comparing phenotypes, following findings are demonstrated. (i) The surface cell wall maturing when viewed by scanning electron microscopy exhibits unique...
Abstract The relationship between the configuration of mating type locus (MTL) and white-opaque switching in Candida albicans has been examined. Seven genetically unrelated clinical isolates selected for their capacity to undergo transition all proved be homozygous at MTL locus, either MTLa or MTLα. In an analysis allelism 220 representing five major clades C. albicans, 3.2% were 96.8% heterozygous locus. Of seven identified homozygotes, underwent transition. 20 randomly heterozygotes, 18...
High-frequency switching and strain variability at the site of infection was assessed in 11 patients with acute Candida albicans vaginitis. By cloning cells directly from infection, it demonstrated that 4 isolates contained multiple-switch phenotypes 9 were a high-frequency mode (10(-2) to 10(-3)). Isolates could be separated into four general categories repertoires. To demonstrate multiple single represented same strain, EcoRI digests total cell DNA on agarose gels, Southern hybridization...
When used to probe EcoRI-digested Candida albicans DNA, the moderately repetitive sequence Ca3 generated a Southern blot hybridization pattern which included 15 25 bands, depending upon strain. The was stable through 400 generations in each of three independent strains but variable between most 46 unrelated tester strains, making it very effective for discrimination strains. Computer-assisted methods (Dendron) were developed storage patterns data files, calculation similarity (SAB) values...
Abstract Biogenic amines are believed to play important roles in producing behaviors. Although some biogenic have been extensively studied both vertebrates and invertebrates, little is known about the effects of trace like tyramine octopamine. We investigated how affect behaviors using quantitative morphometric methods on Drosophila Tβh nM18 iav N mutants that altered levels Locomotion wild‐type mutant third instar larvae was analyzed Dynamic Image Analysis System (DIAS) software. found...
ABSTRACT Candida albicans WO-1 switches reversibly and at high frequency between a white an opaque colony-forming phenotype that includes dramatic changes in cell morphology physiology. A misexpression strategy has been used to investigate the role of opaque-phase-specific gene PEP1 ( SAP1 ), which encodes secreted aspartyl proteinase, expression unique opaque-phase phase-specific virulence two animal models. The ) open reading frame was inserted downstream promoter white-phase-specific WH11...
While the age of host has been suggested as a determining factor in yeast carriage, no studies which genetic relatedness isolates assessed combination with frequency and intensity carriage function have performed single geographical locale over short time window. Therefore, by using simple plating protocol to determine sugar assimilation patterns species, Southern blot hybridization DNA fingerprinting probe Ca3 combined computer-assisted analysis strains Candida albicans, was analyzed age....
ABSTRACT In Candida albicans , the a 1-α2 complex represses white-opaque switching, as well mating. Based upon assumption that corepressor binds to gene regulates chromatinimmunoprecipitation-microarray analysis strategy was used identify 52 genes bound complex. One of these genes, TOS9 exhibited an expression pattern consistent with “master switch gene.” only expressed in opaque cells, and its product, Tos9p, localized nucleus. Deletion blocked cells white phase, misexpression phase caused...
Candida spp. carriage and strain relatedness were assessed in 52 healthy women at 17 anatomical locations by using an isolation procedure which assesses intensity a computer-assisted DNA fingerprinting system computes genetic similarity between strains on the basis of patterns Southern blots probed with moderately repetitive sequence Ca3. cultured from 73% test individuals, most frequently oral (56%), vulvovaginal (40%), anorectal (24%) regions. Half individuals carried organism...
Candida colonization of the oral cavity increases in elderly. A major predisposing condition is denture use, which also To test whether increase age-related a fashion independent we analyzed frequency (incidence) carriage, intensity multiplicity species, and genetic relatedness strains cavities 93 subjects separated into three age groups: 60 to 69 yr, 70 79 ≥ 80 yr. Each group was further subdivided with without dentures, males females. The results demonstrate that multispecies carriage all...
To mate, the fungal pathogen Candida albicans must undergo homozygosis at mating-type locus and then switch from white to opaque phenotype. Paradoxically, cells were found be unstable physiological temperature, suggesting that mating had little chance of occurring in host, main niche C. albicans. Recently, however, it was demonstrated high levels CO(2), equivalent those host gastrointestinal tract select tissues, induced providing a possible resolution paradox. Here, we demonstrate second...
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), and Southern blot hybridization with moderately repetitive probes have emerged as effective fingerprinting methods for the infectious fungus Candida albicans. The three been compared their capacities to identify identical or highly related isolates, cluster weakly discriminate between unrelated assess microevolution within a strain. By computing similarity coefficients 29 isolates from cities...
We have investigated the effects of inhibiting expression cofilin to understand its role in protrusion dynamics metastatic tumor cells, particular. show that suppression MTLn3 cells (an apolar randomly moving amoeboid cell) caused them extend protrusions from only one pole, elongate, and move rectilinearly. This remarkable transformation was correlated with slower extension fewer, more stable lamellipodia leading a reduced turning frequency. Hence, loss an cell assume mesenchymal-type mode...
In this analysis we have examined in detail the effects of low concentrations zinc on growth and dimorphism Candida albicans. Evidence is presented that micromolar added to cultures grown at 25 degrees C (i) cause a twofold increase final concentration spheres sationary phase, (ii) result an asynchronous block budding cycle stationary (iii) completely suppress mycelium formation two independently isolated human strains which produce but significant levels mycelia (iv) mutant M10, over 60%...
ABSTRACT Candida parapsilosis is an increasing cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It has been a persistent problem the NICU Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, since 1987. Fluconazole prophylaxis used to control problem. The number new has, however, increased markedly September 2000. We assessed fluconazole consumption occurrence all species from 1991 2002. C. isolates obtained 1990 2002...