Abstract We demonstrate nano‐scale optical analysis of graphene layers by tip‐enhanced near‐field Raman spectroscopy (TERS). In this technique, the spatial resolution ∼30 nm is realized probe which acts as a nano‐light source. From intensity change band silicon generated from probe, we can conveniently estimate edge boundaries and number stacking layers. TERS measurement across layer edges reveals properties material well existence local defects boundaries. The G‐band shows step‐like...

We report here a novel phenomenon: selective metal deposition on photoswitchable diarylethene (DAE) surfaces. Magnesium vapor was deposited by vacuum evaporation the colored DAE but not uncolored surface. The originates in change of glass transition temperature amorphous film resulting from photoisomerization and therefore changes surface molecular motion. clarified that Mg atoms actively migrated were desorbed possibility depositing other metals is also discussed. Light-controllable...

Direct laser writing through two-photon polymerization lithography is used to fabricate 3D nanostructures containing aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). SWCNTs are in the scanning directions while they embedded structure. The alignment induced by spatial confinement, volume shrinkage, and optical gradient force. This method expected lead new applications based on SWCNTs.

In biological membranes, lipids and proteins interact with each other to regulate their functions complex structure. Manipulation techniques of molecular dynamics are desired elucidate the regulation mechanism mediated by interaction membrane molecules. Optical trapping has been applied study since it allows manipulation biomolecules labeled single μm-sized particle at laser focal spot in solution. Due structure weak optical forces, is difficult investigate effects on molecules membrane....

Optical vortices possess an orbital angular momentum (OAM). This is characterized by a topological charge (l ) associated with their helical wavefronts. Although difficult to observe directly, the OAM of optical can be clarified transferring it materials. The causes physical "twist" in materials such as metal, silicon, photo-responsive polymer, and even liquid-phase resin. In recent studies, fabrication twisted metal nanoneedles melted nanosecond vortex irradiation [1] polymer fiber formed...

In recent years, nanostructures created using optical vortices have attracted much attention. However, the details of nanostructure formation process not yet been clarified. this study, focusing on formed by Laguerre-Gaussian beam irradiation, we investigated assembly dynamics nanoparticles (NPs) as a model to understand chiral nanostructures. Analyzing fluorescence intensity and areas at laser focal spot, evaluated assembled structure NPs. Furthermore, particle tracking analysis for NPs...

Decades of research in the field tissue engineering have allowed important findings to control cellular behaviors lab by designing artificial scaffolds. However, it is still challenging engineer tissues (i.e. cell collectives with specific functions) that intrinsic functions equivalent those our body. One key element building such advanced functional understanding structure-cellular function correlations. Specifically, helical structures are seen many body, as structure skeletal muscle...

We demonstrate fabrication of Au nanorod aggregates microstructures by means a femtosecond near-infrared laser. The laser light was tightly focused into colloidal nanorods dispersed in photopolymerizable metyl-methacrylate (MMA) compound to induce two-photon polymerization (TPP). TPP MMA glued the together form solid microstrucures aggregates. excited local surface plasmon, resulting confinement vicinity nanorods. Concurrenly occurring optical accumulation created unique mechanism for...

This paper surveys end-of-life strategies currently used in the electronics and appliances industries identifies product characteristics that determine feasible strategies. The survey includes consumer products with different strategies: an inkjet printer, digital copier, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, television set single use cameras. Products have distinct strategies, composed of paths determined by characteristics. These not only include related factors such as life functional...

Nonlinear optical effects play key roles to communication, sensing, imaging, and so on. Recently, nonlinear scattering (saturation reverse saturation) was discovered in gold nanospheres, providing a novel approach nonbleaching super-resolution microscopy. However, the nonlinearity previously limited green-orange plasmonic band. It is highly desirable extend applicable wavelength range. In this work, we demonstrated near-infrared with nanorods blue-violet silver nanospheres. Besides,...

This paper presents a methodology of "Quality Function Deployment for Environment (QFDE)" applied to environmentally conscious design in the early stage product development. QFDE has been developed by incorporating environmental aspects (Environmental requirements and Environmental engineering specifications) into QFD handle traditional quality simultaneously. Design engineers can find out which parts are most important enhance consciousness their products executing phase I through II....

Abstract Direct laser writing (DLW) via two-photon polymerization (TPP) has been established as a powerful technique for fabrication and integration of nanoscale components, it enables the production three dimensional (3D) micro/nano objects. This indeed led to numerous applications, including micro- nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), metamaterials, mechanical metamaterials photonic crystals. However, feature sizes decrease, an urgent demand emerged uncover mechanics nanosized...

The transmission of neuronal information is propagated through synapses by neurotransmitters released from presynapses to postsynapses. Neurotransmitters the presynaptic vesicles activate receptors on postsynaptic membrane. Glutamate acts as a major excitatory neurotransmitter for synaptic in central nervous system. Determining concentration glutamate single essential understanding mechanisms activation normal brain functions well neurological diseases. However, it difficult detect and...

This paper presents an overview of the differences in end-of-life scenarios and legislation for electronic products across different regions world, i.e. Japan, Western Europe United States. It is analyzed what decisive factors that cause how these relate to producing companies' aim designing with a low impact phase. Some concluding remark are made about future developments this respect.

This paper surveys end-of-life strategies currently used in the electronics and appliances industries identifies product characteristics that define feasible strategies. The authors' survey indicates two key serve as factors to categorize appropriate products' path: life technology cycle. categorization leads a methodology guides developers specify, strategies, seek environmentally friendly designs, identify opportunities for developing new recycling technologies. goal of disassembly differs...

We developed an electrode/wiring patterning method that does not employ evaporation shadow masks; this is based on selective metal deposition of photochromic diarylethene (DAE). In the Mg photoisomerization DAE, vapor atoms are deposited only colored DAE film obtained upon UV irradiation, but uncolored film. demonstrated fine with a minimum width 3μm and preparation patterned cathode. The has significant potential for preparing electrodes/wiring various organic electronic devices.

The photocurrent characteristics of a diarylethene (DAE) film were investigated. photocurrents attributed to the dissociation electric carriers from excited molecules in DAE film. We demonstrated on-off property according isomerization state. Results reveal that short-wavelength light corresponding high-energy absorption band colored generated higher carrier∕photon efficiency than did long-wavelength low-energy band.

Selective metal Mg deposition was achieved for a structure with the 8-nm-thick intermediate layer of Alq3 on photochromic diarylethene (DAE) layer. attributed to uncolored DAE molecules exposed surface due migration and aggregation Laser spot irradiation enables both isomerization an annealing effect samples layer, thereby achieving selective deposition. could be important preparation patterned cathodes in field organic electronics.

Abstract We propose a novel technique of oxidizing silicon cantilever tips to characterize silicon-based semiconductors by tip-enhanced Raman measurements. The uses thermal oxidization process under steam atmosphere. It is aimed for the suppression scattering originating from tip itself without degrading sharpness. thickness oxidized on controlled time. successfully obtained 250-nm thick dioxide in 1100 °C temperature at 10-min Using tip, we experimentally verified that vibration was...

This paper reports the results from two case studies of DfE (Design for Environment) using QFDE (Quality Function Deployment Environment). is a tool developed to support designers at early stages assembled products by modifying QFD Deployment). One example design an IC package, while other LCD (liquid crystal display). From these studies, it was proved that applicable stage product design, because most important component viewpoint environment identified and multiple options are evaluated....