The transmission of neuronal information is propagated through synapses by neurotransmitters released from presynapses to postsynapses. Neurotransmitters the presynaptic vesicles activate receptors on postsynaptic membrane. Glutamate acts as a major excitatory neurotransmitter for synaptic in central nervous system. Determining concentration glutamate single essential understanding mechanisms activation normal brain functions well neurological diseases. However, it difficult detect and...

A precise understanding of the near-field distributions plasmonic nanostructures is indispensable for their practical applications. In this study, we directly visualized on two-dimensional nanohole arrays covered with a gold film (plasmonic chip) by scanning optical microscopy. images, strong extinction spots were observed not only inside nanoholes but also outside. We found that spatial characteristics outside are strongly dependent excitation wavelength. From electromagnetic simulations,...

High-density cultured neuronal networks have been used to evaluate synchronized features of populations. Voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging a dissociated network is critical method for studying activity in single cells. However, the signals VSD are generally too faint—that is, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) low—to detect activity. In our previous research, silver (Ag) plasmonic chip enhanced fluorescence intensity spontaneous neural spikes on imaging. no high-density was cultivated Ag chip,...

The excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by glutamate (GLU) in neuronal networks of the mammalian brain. In addition to GLU, extra-synaptic GLU known modulate activity. networks, uptake an important role neurons and glial cells for lowering concentration extracellular avoid excitotoxicity. Monitoring spatial distribution intracellular study but approach has been hampered absence appropriate analogs that report localization GLU. Deuterium-labeled (GLU-D) a promising tracer monitoring...

SUMMARY Cultured rat hippocampal network on a multielectrode array (MEA) dish is useful model for analyzing electrical dynamics and its developmental changes. Neurons autonomously form complex an MEA spontaneous activity often observed without any input from the external world. The generated by synaptic interactions between neurons reflects internal biochemical state of whole neuronal network. origin electrochemical potential active transport ions, which requires catabolism ATP. We...

The spatial propagation of neuronal activity within circuits, which is associated with brain functions, such as memory and learning, regulated by external stimuli. Conventional stimuli, electrical inputs, pharmacological treatments, optogenetic modifications, have been used to modify activity. However, these methods are tissue invasive, insufficient resolution, cause irreversible gene modifications. To establish stimulation less invasiveness higher we propose demonstrate single-neuron using...

Toward neuroprosthetic technology, it is critical that a simple model system for interaction between brain and electric devices. For this purpose, we developed neurorobot system, Vitroid, equipped with living neuronal network miniature moving robot as body of the neurorobot. Self-Organization-Map (SOM) was employed generator behavior Vitroid. SOM designed to map high-dimensional feature vector 2-dimentional winner unit in output layer SOM. Furthermore, neighboring units were assigned...

In order to analyze stability of stimulation evoked neuronal activity, it is necessary long-term changes response pattern induced by electrical stimulation. For this purpose, we use Self-Organization-Map (SOM), which continuously performs non-teacher learning. Neural network was alternately stimulated two different electrodes. SOM maps each in 30 × 30-2D space. Only at the first stage learning, forced select a specific winner nodes previously assigned associate node input vector. We call...

Rat hippocampal dissociated culture on multi electrodes array dish (MED) is useful as minimalized brain model to investigation of principles information processing. neuronal cells were cultured MED with 64 microelectrodes and they reconstructed a complex network. We analyzed stability electrical activity pattern after two distinct stimuli. Distances between averaged spike stimulation for summarizing the temporal axis direction trial (sweep) direction. The distances analysis summarized...

The higher-order functions of brain depend on neuronal network electrical activity with complex spatiotemporal patterns. background activity, such as spontaneous observed in a dissociated culture rat hippocampal neurons, is considered to be fundamental component internal state the living network. has dynamic and complicated patterns, thus it uncertain that transiently discontinued pattern recovers same state. We elucidated stability after transient abolishment activity. As result, became...

To investigate relationships between neuronal network activity and electrical stimulus, we analyzed autonomous before after stimulus. Recordings of were performed using dissociated culture rat hippocampal neurons on a multi-electrodes array (MEA) dish. Single stimulus pared stimuli applied to cultured network. was every 1 min, paired by two sequential min. As result, the patterns synchronized activities changed Especially, long range synchronous induced stimuli. When s...

Event Abstract Back to 2-D mapped neuronal-activity-patterns for generating behaviors of Neurorobot Vitroid Suguru N. Kudoh1*, Ryuto Hamada1, Wataru Minoshima1 and Hidekatsu Ito1 1 Kwansei Gakuin University, Dept. Human System Interaction, Japan Motivation The emergence phenomenal or access consciousness has been argued among philosophers cognitive scientists, such difficult discussions concerned is called as hard problem. It obvious that the theme be understood interpretably, thus it useful...

Event Abstract Back to Relationship between patterns of autonomous activity and external glucose concentration culture medium Wataru Minoshima1*, Hidekatsu Ito1 Suguru N. Kudoh1 1 Kwansei Gakuin University, Dept. Sci. Tech., Japan Motivation: Cultured neuronal network on a multi electrode array (MEA) dish is useful model for electrical dynamics [1]. neurons autonomously form complex spontaneous can be observed. Spontaneous generated by synaptic interaction reflects internal states network....

脳高次機能の解明には，神経回路網における電気活動の時空間パターンを解析することが重要である．その際にノイズが混在したデジタル化電位信号データから正確に活動電位スパイクを検出する必要がある．また，ブレイン－マシンインタフェースへの応用を考えると，スパイク検出と神経信号の計測・保存とを同時に実行することが望ましい．本研究では，自発性の活動電位の頻度とノイズ信号が変動する状況にあっても，スパイク検出の閾値を適切に設定し，閾値ベースで神経信号を検出するシンプルなアルゴリズムを開発した．従来の手法ではスパイク検出数は正解の91.8%と若干低めに検出される傾向にあったものが，本研究手法では96.4%に向上し，取りこぼされた活動電位スパイクが減少した．また，神経信号で電子機器を制御する目的を想定し，複数電極から電位信号を記録すると同時にスパイク検出を行うプログラムを開発した．

Cultured rat hippocampal network on a multi electrodes array (MEA) dish is useful for analyzing the relationships between electrical activity and culture condition during developing networks. Seeded neurons autonomously form complex MEA autonomous often observed without any inputs from outer world. Autonomous considered to reflect internal states of neuronal network. We elucidated that there are particular relationship glucose concentration medium at 7.5 mM, 17.5 mM 30 In case concentration,...

Cultured living neuronal network with input-output-interface is the useful model to investigate how autonomously create an internal object. Using cultured on a multielectrodes-array-dish, We elucidated relationships between activity patterns evoked by inputs 3 different electrodes. Activity were classified into several clusters including at various ratios. Repeated input in stable temporal pattern led fuse single cluster. These results indicated that (CLNN) separates and classifies from...

In recent years, Japanese society has been aging, and patient of lifestyle related disease increasing too. It is high probability that Elderly people develop a stroke one than the other people. The elderly who are paralyzed by caused muscle contracture. important to moderate exercise for prevent We verify readiness-potential which movement plantar flexion dorsiflexion in voluntary involuntary.

Cultured rat hippocampal network on a multi electrode array (MEA) dish is useful model for analyzing electrical dynamics and its developmental changes. Neurons autonomously form complex MEA spontaneous activity often observed without any input from the external world. The generated by synaptic interactions between neurons reflects an internal biochemical state of whole neuronal network. origin electrochemical potential active transport ions, which requires catabolism ATP. We elucidated...

Neurons in the brain communicate by releasing and receiving neurotransmitters at synapse. Synaptic vesicles (SVs) that encapsulate play an important role for neuronal communication. We demonstrate optical trapping of synaptic cultured rat hippocampal neurons regulates network activity. The electrical activity was evaluated extracellular potential measurement using microelectrodes arrays (MEAs). When a near-infrared laser focused on labeled with FM1-43 dye, fluorescence caused two-photon...

Neuronal stimulation is essential to understand information processing in brain systems. Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal activity can be modified by external stimuli. Recent studies have shown that neurons stimulated short-pulse laser the cell membrane. An optical vortex with a helical wavefront possesses an orbital angular momentum (OAM) enables inward twisting ablated materials, thereby further precisely cells beyond conventional Gaussian beam. We herein study mechanisms focused...